Crocin mitigates γ-rays-induced hepatic toxicity in rats.

Area of Science:

• Pharmacology and Toxicology
• Hepatology
• Radiation Biology

Background:

• Crocin, a bioactive molecule from saffron, exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
• Saffron extract and its compounds are explored for various therapeutic applications.
• Understanding the radioprotective potential of natural compounds is crucial for mitigating radiation-induced damage.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the radioprotective effects of crocin on rat liver following gamma-ray exposure.
• To evaluate the impact of crocin on liver histopathology, biochemical markers, and oxidative stress indicators.
• To elucidate the role of crocin's antioxidant activity in protecting against radiation-induced liver toxicity.

Main Methods:

• Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups: control, crocin-treated, gamma-ray-irradiated, and crocin plus gamma-ray-treated.
• Assessment of liver histopathology, serum liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP), inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β), and oxidative stress markers (lipid peroxidation, SOD, CAT, GPX).
• Gamma irradiation was administered at a dose of 6 Gray (Gy).

Main Results:

• Gamma irradiation induced significant liver damage, including hydropic degeneration, necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration.
• Crocin treatment in irradiated rats showed reduced histopathological deformities, decreased liver enzyme activities, and lower inflammatory marker levels.
• Crocin administration significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPX) in irradiated livers.

Conclusions:

• Crocin demonstrates a moderate protective effect against gamma-ray-induced liver toxicity in rats.
• The antioxidant properties of crocin are likely responsible for its beneficial impact on liver function and integrity.
• Crocin represents a potential therapeutic agent for mitigating radiation-induced liver damage.