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Updated: Jan 26, 2026
Modeling Spontaneous Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma mRCC in Mice Following Nephrectomy
Published on: April 29, 2014
Novel Therapeutic Approaches and Targets Currently Under Evaluation for Renal Cell Carcinoma: Waiting for the
Veronica Mollica1, Vincenzo Di Nunno2, Lidia Gatto3
1Division of Oncology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
Abstract:
Management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma has drastically changed in the last few years, witnessing the advent of more and more target therapies and, recently, of immune-checkpoint inhibitors. On the other hand, the adjuvant setting still lacks a clear beneficial treatment. Medical treatment still remains a compelling challenge. A large number of clinical trials is ongoing with the aim to identify new therapeutic approaches to expand the options in our repertoire. Several strategies are under investigation in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). These include new targeted agents and combinations of target therapy and immunotherapy. Programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1), programmed death receptor ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) are just part of the intricate network that regulates our immune response to cancer cells. Co-stimulators, such as glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR) and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 4 (OX40), and co-repressors, example.g. T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) and lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3), also take part. As knowledge of the functioning of the immune system grows, so do these pathways to target with new drugs. This review is an overview of the current state of the clinical research, providing a report of ongoing Phase I, II and III clinical trials for localized and metastatic RCC, including novel target therapies, novel immunotherapy agents and new combinations strategies.
Insights
New targeted therapies and immunotherapies are changing renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treatment. Ongoing clinical trials explore novel agents and combinations for localized and metastatic RCC, aiming to improve patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) management has evolved with targeted therapies and immunotherapies.
- The adjuvant setting for RCC still lacks definitive beneficial treatments, presenting a significant clinical challenge.
- Understanding the immune system's intricate network, including co-stimulators and co-repressors, is crucial for developing new therapies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an overview of current clinical research in renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
- To report on ongoing Phase I, II, and III clinical trials for localized and metastatic RCC.
- To highlight novel targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and combination strategies.
Main Methods:
- Review of current clinical research and ongoing trials in RCC.
- Identification of novel targeted agents and immunotherapeutic strategies.
- Analysis of combination approaches involving targeted therapy and immunotherapy.
Main Results:
- Significant advancements in targeted therapies and immune-checkpoint inhibitors for metastatic RCC.
- Emerging novel agents and combination strategies under investigation in clinical trials.
- Exploration of immune pathways involving PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA4, GITR, OX40, TIM-3, and LAG-3.
Conclusions:
- The landscape of RCC treatment is rapidly evolving with new therapeutic avenues.
- Ongoing clinical trials are critical for identifying effective treatments for localized and metastatic RCC.
- Future strategies will likely involve combinations of targeted agents and immunotherapies to overcome treatment challenges.
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