Pericytes in Bone Marrow
1Kyushu University Hospital, Center for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan. kunisaki@cancer.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
Abstract:
Bone marrow environments are composed of multiple cell types, most of which are thought to be derived from mesenchymal stem cells. In mouse bone marrow, stromal cells with CD45- Tie2- CD90- CD51+ CD105+ phenotype, Nestin-GFP+, CXCL12-abundant reticular (CAR) cells, PDGFRα+ Sca-1+ or CD51+ PDGFRα+, and Prx-1-derived CD45- Ter119- PDGFRα+ Sca-1+ populations select for MSC activity. There is evidence that these stromal cell populations display some significant overlap with each other and comprise important cellular constituents of the hematopoietic stem cell niche. Moreover, these mesenchymal cell populations share characteristics in their location as they all are found around bone marrow vessels (can be called "pericytes"). In this chapter, with reviewing the recent literatures, how the pericytes relate to physiological and pathological hematopoiesis is argued.
Insights
Mesenchymal stem cells in the bone marrow niche, identified as pericytes, are crucial for hematopoietic stem cell activity. These pericytes support both normal and abnormal blood formation processes.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Stem Cell Biology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Research
Background:
- Bone marrow microenvironments contain diverse cell types, primarily originating from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).
- Specific stromal cell populations in mouse bone marrow, including CAR cells and pericytes, exhibit MSC activity.
- These stromal cells are integral components of the hematopoietic stem cell niche.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent literature on the role of pericytes in the bone marrow.
- To elucidate the relationship between pericytes and hematopoiesis.
- To discuss the involvement of pericytes in physiological and pathological blood formation.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent scientific publications.
- Analysis of cell surface markers (e.g., CD45, Tie2, CD90, CD51, CD105, PDGFRα, Sca-1) to identify stromal cell populations.
- Examination of Nestin-GFP and Prx-1 expression patterns.
Main Results:
- Identified specific pericyte populations (CD45⁻ Tie2⁻ CD90⁻ CD51⁺ CD105⁺, Nestin-GFP⁺, CAR cells, PDGFRα⁺ Sca-1⁺, Prx-1-derived) exhibiting MSC activity.
- Demonstrated significant overlap among these distinct stromal cell populations.
- Confirmed the perivascular localization of these MSC-like cells within the bone marrow.
Conclusions:
- Pericytes represent a key mesenchymal cell population within the bone marrow niche.
- These pericytes are critical regulators of the hematopoietic stem cell niche.
- Pericytes play a significant role in both normal (physiological) and abnormal (pathological) hematopoiesis.
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