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Related Concept Videos

Liver Histology01:27

Liver Histology

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The microscopic anatomy of the liver is a complex and intricate system that comprises numerous structural units known as liver lobules, each of which is comparable in size to a sesame seed. These hexagonal structures consist of plates of liver cells or hepatocytes, which are characterized by their versatility and abundance of cellular apparatus like rough and smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and mitochondria.
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The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
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The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
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Gross Anatomy of the Liver01:17

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The liver, the largest gland within the human body, is a firm and reddish-brown organ. This wedge-shaped structure weighs approximately 1.5 kg and occupies a significant portion of the right hypochondriac and epigastric regions. It extends more to the right of the body's midline than to the left.
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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
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In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
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Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Isolation and Purification of Murine Cardiac Pericytes
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Isolation and Purification of Murine Cardiac Pericytes

Published on: August 16, 2019

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Pericytes in the Liver.

Enis Kostallari1, Vijay H Shah2

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|April 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) store vitamin A and cause fibrosis in liver disease. Understanding HSC behavior is key for developing new liver disease therapies targeting these cells.

Keywords:
FibrosisHealthy liverHepatic stellate cellsHepatocellular carcinomaHepatocytesKupffer cellsLiverNAFLDNASHPericytesRegenerationSinusoidal endothelial cells

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Cell Biology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), also known as liver pericytes, are crucial cells residing in the liver's space of Disse.
  • HSCs play dual roles: vitamin A storage in healthy livers and fibrotic tissue production in liver disease.
  • Their behavior is significantly modulated by surrounding liver cells like LSECs, hepatocytes, and Kupffer cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the dynamic states of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), focusing on quiescence and activation.
  • To elucidate the role of HSCs in various liver conditions, including fibrosis, steatohepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • To highlight HSCs as a promising therapeutic target for liver disease treatment.

Main Methods:

  • This chapter synthesizes current knowledge on HSC biology and behavior.
  • It reviews the interplay between HSCs and other liver cells (LSECs, hepatocytes, Kupffer cells).
  • The discussion encompasses the pathological roles of HSCs in liver diseases.

Main Results:

  • HSCs are central to liver homeostasis and pathology.
  • Dysfunctional HSCs are implicated in the progression of liver fibrosis, steatohepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • Modulating HSC behavior presents a viable therapeutic avenue for liver diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Hepatic stellate cells are critical players in liver health and disease.
  • Targeting HSC activation and quiescence is a promising strategy for treating liver diseases.
  • Further research into HSC modulation could lead to novel therapeutic interventions.