[Risk factors of surgical treatment of acute aortic dissection type A (in Russian only)]

To evaluate risk factors of surgical treatment of acute aortic dissection type A.

Retrospective analysis included 100 patients with acute aortic dissection type A who underwent surgery in 2007-2017. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group I (survivors, n=79) and group II (unfavorable outcomes, n=21).

Postoperative in-hospital mortality was 21% (21/100). Preoperative risk factors were cardiac tamponade (p=0.0001), aortic rupture (p=0.0001), impaired coronary blood flow (p=0.0001), renal malperfusion (p=0.0001). Prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass (156.1±37.9 min vs 205.7±91.2 min), surgery time (5.0±1.1 vs. 6.8±2.5 h, p=0.0009) and deep hypothermia (26.1±4.6 min vs 22.4±4.4 min) were the main intraoperative risk factors influencing surgical outcomes in patients who underwent aortic arch repair. Multiple organ failure (p=0.0001), sepsis (p=0.0007), severe postoperative bleeding (p=0.0010) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (p=0.0001) were the main predictors of advanced mortality in postoperative period.

Timely surgical treatment in case of cardiac tamponade and aortic rupture is essential to improve survival in patients with acute aortic dissection. Advanced aortic repair including hemi- or total arch replacement should be comprehensively measured because such procedures may be followed by increased postoperative morbidity and mortality after emergency aortic surgery.