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Related Concept Videos

Classifying Matter by State02:49

Classifying Matter by State

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Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter is all around us; the air, water, soil, mountains, even our bodies are all examples of matter. Matter is divided into three states — solid, liquid, and gas — that are commonly found on earth. The fourth state of matter, plasma, occurs naturally in the interiors of stars. 
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Classifying Matter by Composition03:35

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Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures. 
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Social-emotional experiences and cultural influences play significant roles in shaping gender development. During middle childhood, from ages 6 to 11, peer groups become dominant in reinforcing gender norms. Children in this age group often align with same-gender peer groups, which actively encourage behaviors that conform to traditional gender roles. For instance, boys may be discouraged from engaging in activities perceived as feminine, reinforcing culturally dictated norms about masculinity...
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The characteristics that enable us to distinguish one substance from another are called properties.
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The Atomic Theory of Matter02:59

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The earliest recorded discussion of the basic structure of matter comes from ancient Greek philosophers. Leucippus and Democritus argued that all matter was composed of small, finite particles that they called atomos, meaning “indivisible.” Later, Aristotle and others came to the conclusion that matter consisted of various combinations of the four “elements” — fire, earth, air, and water — and could be infinitely divided. Interestingly, these philosophers...
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States of Matter01:20

States of Matter

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Solids, liquids, and gases are the three states of matter commonly found on Earth. A solid is rigid and possesses a definite shape. A liquid flows and takes the shape of its container, except it forms a flat or slightly curved upper surface when acted upon by gravity. Both liquid and solid samples have volumes nearly independent of pressure. A gas takes both the shape and volume of its container.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Characterizing Salmonella Typhimurium-induced Septic Peritonitis in Mice
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Does Gender Matter in Septic Patient Outcomes?

Kim Reina Failla1, Cynthia D Connelly2, Laurie Ecoff3

  • 1Gamma Gamma and Zeta Mu, Manager, Nurse Residency Program, Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA.

Journal of Nursing Scholarship : an Official Publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing
|April 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Men with severe sepsis or septic shock had a higher likelihood of hospital survival than women. Further research is needed to develop therapeutic strategies addressing gender differences in sepsis management and outcomes.

Keywords:
GenderSurviving Sepsis Campaignsepsissepsis bundlesepsis management

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Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Sepsis is a leading global cause of mortality with substantial healthcare costs.
  • Understanding factors influencing sepsis survival is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
  • Severe sepsis and septic shock require prompt and effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate potential gender disparities in sepsis management.
  • To identify factors associated with survival in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock.
  • To analyze gender-specific predictors of survival in an emergency department cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective, descriptive cross-sectional study design.
  • Sample of 482 adult patients diagnosed with severe sepsis or septic shock.
  • Data extracted from electronic health records, including patient characteristics, clinical variables, and care processes.
  • Multivariate logistic regression analysis to predict survival.

Main Results:

  • The study sample comprised 48.5% women and 51.5% men.
  • Logistic regression model with eight variables significantly predicted survival (p < .001).
  • Men demonstrated a higher likelihood of hospital survival compared to women (OR = 1.68, p = .045).

Conclusions:

  • Evidence-based sepsis management protocols exist, yet outcome disparities by gender warrant attention.
  • Therapeutic strategies should be developed to address gender-specific differences in sepsis outcomes.
  • Adherence to sepsis protocols and minimization of treatment disparities are critical for improving patient care.