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Author Spotlight: AQRNA-seq Role in Mapping Small RNAs and Unraveling Protein Translation Mechanisms
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Gammaherpesvirus RNAs Come Full Circle.

Nathan A Ungerleider1, Scott A Tibbetts2, Rolf Renne2

  • 1Department of Pathology, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.

Mbio
|April 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Gammaherpesviruses use circular RNAs (circRNAs) to persist by manipulating host cells. These viral circRNAs, newly identified across several genera, may play a crucial role in infection and disease.

Keywords:
EBVKSHVMHV68circRNAcircular RNAgammaherpesviruslymphocryptovirusrLCVrhadinovirus

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Gammaherpesviruses establish persistent infections by modulating host cells.
  • Viral noncoding RNAs, including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs, are known mechanisms for this modulation.
  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a newly identified class of viral noncoding RNAs in gammaherpesviruses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of currently known gammaherpesvirus circRNAs.
  • To discuss their physical and contextual properties relevant to future functional studies.
  • To highlight the potential functional importance of circRNAs in gammaherpesvirus biology and associated malignancies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing studies on gammaherpesvirus circRNAs.
  • Focus on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) circRNAome as the most studied.
  • Inclusion of data on rhesus lymphocryptovirus (rLCV), Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), and murid herpesvirus 68 (MHV68).

Main Results:

  • Repertoires of circRNAs have been identified in both lymphocryptovirus and rhadinovirus genera.
  • Detection of circRNAs across different viral gene expression programs and conservation of some viral circRNAs.
  • Identification of circRNAs in clinical settings suggests potential functional significance.

Conclusions:

  • Viral circRNAs are a conserved feature across gammaherpesvirus genera.
  • Their presence in clinical samples indicates a potential role in pathogenesis and disease.
  • Further investigation into the functions and relevance of viral circRNAs is warranted for understanding infection and disease.