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Related Concept Videos

Fertilization01:38

Fertilization

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During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...
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In Vitro Fertilization01:24

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In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
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Pollination and Flower Structure02:40

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Flowers are the reproductive, seed-producing structures of angiosperms. Typically, flowers consist of sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. Sepals and petals are the vegetative flower organs. Stamens and carpels are the reproductive organs.  
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The Angiosperm Life Cycle02:39

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Plants have a life cycle split between two multicellular stages: a haploid stage—with cells containing one set of chromosomes—and a diploid stage—with cells containing two sets of chromosomes. The haploid stage is the gamete-producing gametophyte, and the diploid stage is the spore-producing sporophyte.
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Seed structures are composed of a protective seed coat surrounding a plant embryo, and a food store for the developing embryo. The embryo contains the precursor tissues for leaves, stem, and roots. The endosperm and cotyledons—seed leaves—act as the food reserves for the growing embryo.
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Evaluation of Fertilization State by Tracing Sperm Nuclear Morphology in Arabidopsis Double Fertilization
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Evaluation of Fertilization State by Tracing Sperm Nuclear Morphology in Arabidopsis Double Fertilization

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FSH Beyond Fertility.

Daria Lizneva1, Alina Rahimova1, Se-Min Kim1

  • 1The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|April 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) impacts more than reproduction. Emerging evidence links elevated FSH to bone loss, obesity, and increased cardiovascular and cancer risks, suggesting broader health implications.

Keywords:
BMIFSHFSHRcardiovascular riskobesityosteoporosis

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Metabolic Health

Background:

  • Traditionally viewed as a reproductive hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) has demonstrated broader physiological roles.
  • FSH receptors (FSHRs) are present in numerous extra-gonadal tissues, mediating FSH effects beyond reproductive functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent scientific findings on the non-reproductive actions of FSH.
  • To explore the potential involvement of FSH in various health conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of molecular, animal, epidemiologic, and clinical data.
  • Synthesis of current research on FSH signaling in extra-gonadal tissues.

Main Results:

  • Elevated serum FSH levels are associated with bone loss.
  • FSH may contribute to obesity and increased cardiovascular disease risk.
  • Evidence suggests a link between FSH and cancer development.

Conclusions:

  • FSH exerts significant biological effects in tissues beyond the gonads.
  • Altered FSH levels may be a risk factor for metabolic, skeletal, cardiovascular, and oncological diseases.