Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Breast Milk Enhances Growth of Enteroids: An Ex Vivo Model of Cell Proliferation
09:02

Breast Milk Enhances Growth of Enteroids: An Ex Vivo Model of Cell Proliferation

Published on: February 15, 2018

19.9K

Pokemon Inhibits Transforming Growth Factor β-Smad4-Related Cell Proliferation Arrest in Breast Cancer through

Ling Chen1, Jing Zhong1, Jiang-Hua Liu1

  • 1Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China.

Journal of Breast Cancer
|April 4, 2019
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Pokemon (ZBTB7A) promotes breast cancer cell proliferation by binding to SP1 and downregulating Smad4 expression. This mechanism highlights Pokemon

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Pokemon (ZBTB7A) is a proto-oncogene and transcription repressor implicated in tumor progression.
  • The transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-Smad4 pathway is crucial for regulating cell proliferation.
  • Understanding Pokemon's role in breast cancer is vital for therapeutic development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism by which Pokemon inhibits TGFβ-Smad4 pathway-dependent proliferation arrest in breast cancer cells.
  • To investigate the role of specificity protein 1 (SP1) in Pokemon's function.

Main Methods:

  • Pokemon levels were modulated using plasmid overexpression and small interfering RNA (siRNA).
  • Cell proliferation was assessed via EdU incorporation, MTS assays, and colony formation assays.
  • Gene expression was analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).
  • Protein interactions were studied using dual-luciferase reporter, electrophoretic mobility shift, and co-immunoprecipitation assays.

Main Results:

  • Pokemon deletion induced proliferation arrest and inhibited proliferation-associated genes, notably Smad4.
  • Pokemon was found to bind SP1, inhibiting Smad4 promoter activity.
  • Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data revealed a negative correlation between Pokemon mRNA and Smad4 levels in breast cancer subtypes.

Conclusions:

  • Pokemon binds SP1 to downregulate Smad4 expression, promoting breast cancer cell proliferation.
  • Pokemon acts as a TGFβ-signaling participant in breast cancer progression.
  • Pokemon represents a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment.
Keywords:
Breast neoplasmsCell proliferationPokemon protein, humanSP1Smad4 protein

More Related Videos

Comparison of Three Different Methods for Determining Cell Proliferation in Breast Cancer Cell Lines12:35

Comparison of Three Different Methods for Determining Cell Proliferation in Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Published on: September 3, 2016

20.1K
Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells06:54

Studying TGF-β Signaling and TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer and Normal Cells

Published on: October 27, 2020

14.3K

Related Concept Videos

Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation02:36

Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation

Cell size is a significant factor impacting cellular design, function, and fitness. There exists some internal coordination by which cells double their masses before division, thus, achieving homeostasis. Coordination between cell growth and proliferation depends on the checkpoints in between cell cycle phases. Loss of coordination or failure in the checkpoint mechanism can drive the cell to uncontrolled growth and loss of cellular function. Like dividing cells that coordinate cellular growth,...
5.0K
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
16.3K
Bacterial Transformation01:33

Bacterial Transformation

In 1928, bacteriologist Frederick Griffith worked on a vaccine for pneumonia, which is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. Griffith studied two pneumonia strains in mice: one pathogenic and one non-pathogenic. Only the pathogenic strain killed host mice.
Griffith made an unexpected discovery when he killed the pathogenic strain and mixed its remains with the live, non-pathogenic strain. Not only did the mixture kill host mice, but it also contained living pathogenic bacteria that...
59.5K
Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors01:28

Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors

Hematopoietic growth factors are molecules that regulate the differentiation rate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Erythropoietin (EPO), primarily produced by the kidneys, plays a crucial role in erythrocyte production. When oxygen levels in the blood are low, EPO is released into the bloodstream, reaching the bone marrow, where it stimulates HSCs to differentiate and mature into erythrocytes, which are vital for oxygen transport.
Thrombopoietin (TPO), mainly released by the liver,...
3.4K
Factors Influencing Microbial Growth: pH01:29

Factors Influencing Microbial Growth: pH

Microorganisms are classified as acidophiles, neutrophiles, or alkaliphiles based on their pH growth preferences, reflecting their adaptations to specific environments. Maintaining a stable intracellular pH is critical for macromolecular stability and enzymatic activity, which can be challenged by external pH variations.Neutrophiles, such as Escherichia coli, grow optimally between pH 5.5 and 8.0. These microorganisms inhabit neutral or slightly acidic environments and employ mechanisms like...
1.1K
Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Protein-Related Factors01:20

Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Protein-Related Factors

Drug binding to proteins is a key aspect of pharmacokinetics and can influence a drug's distribution, absorption, and elimination in the body. Several factors, including the drug's physiochemical properties, protein concentration, disease states, and the number of binding sites on the protein, influence this process.
The physicochemical properties of a drug play a significant role in its ability to bind to proteins. Lipophilic drugs, which dissolve in fats, oils, and lipids, can be...
538