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Establishment of a Clonal Culture of Unicellular Conjugating Algae
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Identification, classification, and evolution of putative xylosyltransferases from algae.

Wentao Han1,2,3, Xiao Fan1, Linhong Teng1,4

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This study identified 30 xylosyltransferases (XylTs) in algae, revealing ancient origins for xylan and xyloglucan biosynthesis in Charophyta and suggesting FucXylTs evolved early in eukaryotes, likely for fucoidan synthesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Marine Biology

Background:

  • Xylosyltransferases (XylTs) are crucial enzymes in synthesizing various polysaccharides by transferring D-xylose.
  • Understanding XylT evolution provides insights into algal and plant cell wall development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and phylogenetically analyze XylTs across diverse algal lineages.
  • To investigate the functional divergence of XylTs, particularly FucXylTs, using gene expression data.
  • To explore the evolutionary origins and potential roles of XylTs in algal biology.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of 30 XylTs from various algal groups (green, red, brown algae, diatoms, etc.).
  • Comparative phylogenetic analysis of key XylT subfamilies.
  • RNA-Seq analysis to study gene functional divergence.

Main Results:

  • Identified β-1,4-XylT and xyloglucan 6-XylT genes in Charophyta, indicating ancient xylan and xyloglucan machinery.
  • Discovered 27 FucXylT genes, which transfer D-xylose to fucose.
  • Found FucXylTs in non-plant eukaryotes (Choanoflagellatea, Echinodermata), suggesting an ancient origin.

Conclusions:

  • Xylan and xyloglucan biosynthesis pathways were present in ancient Charophyta.
  • FucXylTs likely originated from the last eukaryotic common ancestor and are not plant-specific.
  • FucXylTs are hypothesized to be involved in fucoidan biosynthesis in brown algae.