Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Pseudofracture: An Acute Peripheral Tissue Trauma Model
Published on: April 18, 2011
A Comparative Effectiveness Study of a Shortened Trauma Recovery Empowerment Model and an Attachment-Informed
Melanie Masin-Moyer1, Malitta Engstrom1, Phyllis Solomon1
1University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Relational challenges often associated with interpersonal trauma may hinder survivors' abilities to fully benefit from group therapy. This quasi-experimental study compared clinical outcomes of a 16-week version of the Trauma Recovery and Empowerment Model (TREM) for women and an attachment-informed adaptation (ATREM). Prior findings of TREM are extended by demonstrating that both group conditions can facilitate comparable clinical outcomes, creating options for group facilitators. Only ATREM resulted in statistically significant improvement in individual attachment avoidance, and it trended toward a slightly higher completion rate. This study provides insight into the emerging concept of group attachment.
Relational challenges often associated with interpersonal trauma may hinder survivors' abilities to fully benefit from group therapy. This quasi-experimental study compared clinical outcomes of a 16-week version of the Trauma Recovery and Empowerment Model (TREM) for women and an attachment-informed adaptation (ATREM). Prior findings of TREM are extended by demonstrating that both group conditions can facilitate comparable clinical outcomes, creating options for group facilitators. Only ATREM resulted in statistically significant improvement in individual attachment avoidance, and it trended toward a slightly higher completion rate. This study provides insight into the emerging concept of group attachment.
Related Concept Videos
Attachment
Attachment Styles
Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood
Attachment of Sister Chromatids
Relationship with Parents: Attachment
Comparative Excretory Systems

