Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Seedless Vascular Plants03:24

Seedless Vascular Plants

66.7K
Seedless Vascular Plants Were the First Tall Plants on Earth
66.7K
Vascular Spasm01:16

Vascular Spasm

3.4K
The vascular phase, also known as vasospasm, is the initial stage of hemostasis, crucial for preventing excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. After a vessel is cut, nerves in the damaged area trigger pain and other sensory impulses. Simultaneously, the smooth muscles in the vessel wall contract, resulting in a vascular spasm. This contraction reduces the vessel's diameter at the injury site, slowing or stopping blood loss through the vessel wall. Vascular spasms typically last...
3.4K
Vascular Resistance01:20

Vascular Resistance

10.5K
Vascular resistance is a critical concept in understanding blood flow dynamics in the circulatory system. It refers to the resistance that blood encounters as it flows through the blood vessels. This resistance is a key factor in determining blood pressure and cardiac workload.
The primary determinants of vascular resistance are vessel diameter, blood viscosity, and vessel length. Among these, vessel diameter plays the most significant role due to the fourth power relationship described by...
10.5K
Overview of the Vascular System01:20

Overview of the Vascular System

3.4K
The vascular system comprises an extensive network of arteries, capillaries, and veins. The vascular system can be broadly divided into the blood and lymphatic systems. Typically, blood vessels can be categorized into three histological regions: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. The tunica intima consists of a single layer of endothelial cells attached to the basal lamina. Underlying the basal lamina is a connective tissue layer and an elastic lamina that gives stability and...
3.4K
Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

17.6K
Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
17.6K
Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

21.5K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can...
21.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

ProptoView: AI-based digital exophthalmometry using multi-view facial images in a multinational validation study.

Journal of translational medicine·2026
Same author

Intraorbital wooden foreign bodies: A retrospective study of 30 cases.

Indian journal of ophthalmology·2026
Same author

Cultivating Reasoning Through Example-Based Or Self-explanation-based Teaching (CREST)?

Medical science educator·2026
Same author

Expanding horizons of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in retinal diseases.

Indian journal of ophthalmology·2026
Same author

Precision targeting of BTK in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: computational insights into structural dynamics and the influence of mutations on BTK inhibitors through QM and MM studies.

Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics·2026
Same author

Study of strabismus in young Singaporean males.

Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Author Spotlight: Insights and Innovations in Gene Expression Manipulation Techniques for Choroid Plexus Research
04:43

Author Spotlight: Insights and Innovations in Gene Expression Manipulation Techniques for Choroid Plexus Research

Published on: June 16, 2023

1.5K

Choroidal Structural Changes in Smokers Measured Using Choroidal Vascularity Index.

Xin Wei1, Sumit Kumar2, Jianbin Ding3

  • 1National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|April 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Cigarette smoking is linked to reduced choroidal vascularity in healthy individuals. This decrease in choroidal vascularity index (CVI) is dose-dependent, suggesting CVI may indicate vascular health in smokers.

More Related Videos

An Ex Vivo Choroid Sprouting Assay of Ocular Microvascular Angiogenesis
06:10

An Ex Vivo Choroid Sprouting Assay of Ocular Microvascular Angiogenesis

Published on: August 6, 2020

6.3K
Author Spotlight: Bridging Gaps in Anatomy and Establishing a Foundation for Algorithmic Studies
04:25

Author Spotlight: Bridging Gaps in Anatomy and Establishing a Foundation for Algorithmic Studies

Published on: December 15, 2023

3.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Author Spotlight: Insights and Innovations in Gene Expression Manipulation Techniques for Choroid Plexus Research
04:43

Author Spotlight: Insights and Innovations in Gene Expression Manipulation Techniques for Choroid Plexus Research

Published on: June 16, 2023

1.5K
An Ex Vivo Choroid Sprouting Assay of Ocular Microvascular Angiogenesis
06:10

An Ex Vivo Choroid Sprouting Assay of Ocular Microvascular Angiogenesis

Published on: August 6, 2020

6.3K
Author Spotlight: Bridging Gaps in Anatomy and Establishing a Foundation for Algorithmic Studies
04:25

Author Spotlight: Bridging Gaps in Anatomy and Establishing a Foundation for Algorithmic Studies

Published on: December 15, 2023

3.8K

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Cigarette smoking is a significant risk factor for vascular dysfunction.
  • Understanding the ocular vascular effects of smoking is crucial for public health.
  • Choroidal vascularity plays a role in ocular health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate choroidal structural changes in smokers.
  • To assess the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in smokers using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT).

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study comparing 39 smokers and 44 non-smokers.
  • Choroidal images were analyzed using spectral domain optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging (SD-OCT/EDI).
  • Choroidal vascularity index (CVI) was calculated by binarizing images into luminal area (LA) and total choroid area (TCA).

Main Results:

  • Smokers exhibited a significantly lower CVI (65 ± 2%) compared to non-smokers (67 ± 2%, P = 0.0001).
  • CVI showed a dose-dependent decrease with smoking pack-years (0.12% reduction per pack-year, P = 0.0009).
  • No significant association was found between smoking and foveal retinal thickness (FRT) or subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT).

Conclusions:

  • Cigarette smoking is associated with reduced choroidal vascularity in healthy individuals.
  • The observed decrease in CVI is dose-dependent on smoking.
  • CVI may serve as a non-invasive biomarker for vascular health in smokers.