3D bioprinting of triphasic nanocomposite hydrogels and scaffolds for cell adhesion and migration

In this study we describe the first example of 3D bioprinted triphasic chiral nanocomposite (NC) hydrogels/scaffolds to simulate the complex 3D architecture, nano/micro scale topography, and chiral nature of extracellular matrix. These multifunctional constructs are prepared using a 3D bioprinting technique and are composed of three connected hydrogels/scaffolds, two of which are loaded with nanomaterials functionalized with opposite enantiomers of a biomolecule. With these constructs, we direct the migration of cells toward the part of the triphasic chiral NC hydrogels/scaffolds containing the cells' preferred biomolecule enantiomer.