Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 26, 2026
07:45
Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition
Published on: July 21, 2020
5.0K
Binocular vision and fixational eye movements.
Rajkumar Nallour Raveendran1,2, William R Bobier1, Benjamin Thompson1
1School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.
Journal of Vision
|April 4, 2019
Summary
Binocular vision enhances fixation stability (FS) in normal observers, particularly when a target is present for both eyes. In anisometropic amblyopia, FS is impaired, suggesting the fellow eye influences stability in both eyes.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Neuroscience
- Visual Science
Background:
- Fixation stability (FS) is crucial for clear vision.
- The role of binocular vision in maintaining FS is not fully understood.
- Anisometropic amblyopia presents unique challenges to visual processing.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between binocular viewing and fixation stability.
- To examine the effects of binocular rivalry and interocular contrast differences on FS.
- To compare FS in normal observers and patients with anisometropic amblyopia.
Main Methods:
- Fixation stability (FS) was measured using global bivariate contour ellipse area.
- Microsaccades were detected using an unsupervised cluster-detection method.
- Experiments involved normal observers and patients with anisometropic amblyopia under various viewing conditions.
Main Results:
- Binocular viewing improved FS compared to monocular viewing across all stimulus contrasts in normal observers.
- Binocular rivalry did not significantly affect FS in normal observers.
- Normal observers showed reduced FS when one eye viewed no target (0% contrast).
- Anisometropic amblyopia patients exhibited reduced FS in both eyes when the fellow eye viewed no target.
- Binocular FS was generally poorer in anisometropic amblyopia compared to normal observers.
Conclusions:
- Binocular vision influences FS in a manner dependent on the presence or absence of a binocular target.
- In anisometropic amblyopia, the fellow eye appears to exert control over the fixation stability of both eyes under dichoptic viewing conditions.
Related Concept Videos
01:24Vision
59.5K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
59.5K
01:24Color Vision
1.4K
Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
1.4K
01:03Fixation and Sectioning
7.5K
Two basic types of preparation are used to visualize specimens with a light microscope: wet mounts and fixed specimens.
The simplest type of preparation is the wet mount, in which the specimen is placed in a drop of liquid on the slide. A liquid specimen can be directly deposited on the slide using a dropper. Solid specimens, such as skin scraping, can be placed on the slide before adding a drop of liquid to prepare the wet mount. Sometimes the liquid is simply water, but stains are often added...
The simplest type of preparation is the wet mount, in which the specimen is placed in a drop of liquid on the slide. A liquid specimen can be directly deposited on the slide using a dropper. Solid specimens, such as skin scraping, can be placed on the slide before adding a drop of liquid to prepare the wet mount. Sometimes the liquid is simply water, but stains are often added...
7.5K
00:51Anatomical Movements
15.5K
Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist,...
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist,...
15.5K
01:15Depth Perception and Spatial Vision
1.9K
Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
1.9K
01:28Carbon-dioxide Fixation
688
Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
688