Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

6.9K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
6.9K
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

5.1K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
5.1K
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

7.4K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
7.4K
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

266
Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
266
Tonsillitis II: Management01:26

Tonsillitis II: Management

417
This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
417
Genetic Screens02:46

Genetic Screens

5.6K
Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which...
5.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Short-term efficacy of 1-month and 3-month gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist depots in girls with central precocious puberty.

Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism·2021
Same author

Maternal Hyperglycemia during Pregnancy Increases Adiposity of Offspring.

Diabetes & metabolism journal·2021
Same author

The durability and effectiveness of sensor-augmented insulin pump therapy in pediatric and young adult patients with type 1 diabetes.

Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism·2021
Same author

Thyroid dysfunction in preterm infants born before 32 gestational weeks.

BMC pediatrics·2019
Same author

How can the occurrence of delayed elevation of thyroid stimulating hormone in preterm infants born between 35 and 36 weeks gestation be predicted?

PloS one·2019
Same author

Pregnancy Outcomes of Women Additionally Diagnosed as Gestational Diabetes by the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Criteria.

Diabetes & metabolism journal·2019

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
14:43

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting

Published on: January 12, 2018

12.5K

Screening and management of thyroid dysfunction in preterm infants.

Hye Rim Chung1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.

Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism
|April 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Preterm infants often experience thyroid dysfunction due to immature development and illness. Recent guidelines suggest rescreening all preterm neonates for congenital hypothyroidism, with treatment for persistent issues.

Keywords:
HypothyroidismHypothyroxinemiasequencingPreterm infantShort statureThyroid

More Related Videos

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs
08:58

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs

Published on: October 31, 2025

588
Isolation and Characterization of Human Umbilical Cord-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Preterm and Term Infants
07:26

Isolation and Characterization of Human Umbilical Cord-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Preterm and Term Infants

Published on: January 26, 2019

15.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 26, 2026

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
14:43

A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting

Published on: January 12, 2018

12.5K
Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs
08:58

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs

Published on: October 31, 2025

588
Isolation and Characterization of Human Umbilical Cord-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Preterm and Term Infants
07:26

Isolation and Characterization of Human Umbilical Cord-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Preterm and Term Infants

Published on: January 26, 2019

15.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Preterm infants exhibit higher rates of thyroid dysfunction compared to term infants, linked to developmental immaturity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis.
  • Thyroid dysfunction in preterm neonates is influenced by postnatal illness, medications, and iodine levels, with increasing incidence due to improved survival rates.
  • Hypothyroxinemia is common in extreme preterm neonates, and delayed thyrotropin elevation occurs frequently between 2-6 weeks of age.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current understanding and management of thyroid dysfunction in preterm infants.
  • To highlight the increasing incidence and specific patterns of thyroid dysfunction in this population.
  • To address the controversy and recommendations regarding routine rescreening for congenital hypothyroidism in preterm neonates.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and guidelines on neonatal thyroid screening and dysfunction.
  • Analysis of incidence rates and clinical presentations of thyroid dysfunction in preterm infants.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic criteria and treatment recommendations for hypothyroxinemia and thyrotropin elevation.

Main Results:

  • Thyroid dysfunction is prevalent in preterm infants, with specific patterns like early hypothyroxinemia and later thyrotropin elevation.
  • Recent guidelines advocate for rescreening all preterm neonates for congenital hypothyroidism.
  • Thyroid hormone replacement is indicated for persistent thyrotropin elevation, but not for isolated hypothyroxinemia without elevated thyrotropin.

Conclusions:

  • Most thyroid dysfunctions in preterm infants are transient, necessitating careful follow-up after treatment cessation.
  • Management strategies focus on identifying persistent hypothyroidism while avoiding unnecessary levothyroxine supplementation.
  • Rescreening preterm neonates is crucial for timely diagnosis and management of congenital hypothyroidism.