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Compassion magnifies third-party punishment.

Stefan Pfattheicher¹, Claudia Sassenrath², Johannes Keller²

¹Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Aarhus University.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

|April 5, 2019

Summary

Compassion can drive harmful third-party punishment when witnessing injustice. This research shows compassion intensifies moral outrage, leading to punishment for perpetrators of severe suffering.

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Area of Science:

Social Psychology
Moral Psychology
Behavioral Science

Background:

Compassion is traditionally viewed as a prosocial emotion promoting helping behavior.
Existing research highlights compassion's role in reducing suffering and fostering altruism.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the potential for compassion to elicit harmful third-party punishment.
To explore the mediating role of moral outrage in compassion-driven punishment.
To examine boundary conditions for compassion's effect on punishment.

Main Methods:

A series of studies (1a-1f) examined real-world scenarios of unjust suffering.
Experimental paradigms (Studies 2-6) were used to manipulate and measure compassion and punishment inclinations.
Mediational analyses investigated the role of moral outrage.

Main Results:

A positive correlation was found between compassion for victims and third-party punishment inclinations.
Compassion experimentally increased third-party punishment, mediated by moral outrage.
This effect was contingent on the severity of the unjust act.

Conclusions:

Compassion can lead to harmful outcomes, specifically third-party punishment, when individuals suffer due to unjust actions.
Moral outrage is a key mechanism linking compassion to punishment.
Societal implications of compassion's dual role in mitigating and exacerbating harm are considered.