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Effect of Bench Press Load Knowledge on One Repetition Maximum Strength
Ronald L Snarr1, Kara Adams, Jordan Cook
1Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia.
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
|April 5, 2019
Summary
Knowing the weight before a maximal bench press lift does not significantly impact one repetition maximum (1RM) strength. Performance remained consistent whether the external load was known or unknown to the resistance-trained subjects.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Exercise Physiology
- Biomechanics
Background:
- Knowledge of external load and visual feedback are critical for task performance.
- Previous research explored submaximal lifting with load knowledge, but maximal effort without knowledge was unexamined.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate differences in one repetition maximum (1RM) bench press performance between known and unknown external loads.
- To assess the impact of removing load awareness on maximal strength output.
Main Methods:
- Twenty resistance-trained individuals (10 male, 10 female) participated in two randomized 1RM bench press trials separated by 48-72 hours.
- One trial involved a traditional lift with visible load; the other involved a lift with the load obscured from view.
Main Results:
- No significant differences in 1RM bench press were found between known and unknown load conditions (p = 0.094).
- A statistically significant difference was observed between estimated and measured 1RM during the known load trial (p = 0.034).
- Individual results varied, with 40% decreasing and 15% increasing their 1RM in the unknown condition.
Conclusions:
- Load knowledge prior to a maximal lift does not appear to detrimentally affect 1RM bench press performance.
- Training under a 'blinded' condition may offer unique training modalities and an added balance component.
- Further research is recommended to explore attentional focus and muscle activation differences in blinded vs. non-blinded maximal lifts.
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