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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
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Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive01:24

Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive

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Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
 Dependent Personality Disorder
Dependent personality disorder is characterized by an excessive reliance on others to manage various aspects of life. Individuals with this disorder often struggle...
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Intrinsically Disordered Proteins02:18

Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

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Intrinsically disordered proteins are a group of proteins that do not fold into specific three-dimensional structures. Their structural flexibility allows them to complement ordered proteins to perform functions that are inaccessible to rigid structures. They are more common in eukaryotes than prokaryotes and may either be exclusively intrinsically disordered or hybrid proteins, consisting of a mix of ordered and disordered regions. The absence of a rigid structure in these proteins can be...
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Other Disorders of Digestive System01:30

Other Disorders of Digestive System

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The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...
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Disorders of Erythrocytes01:27

Disorders of Erythrocytes

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Disorders of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), include a range of conditions affecting their number, shape, or function.
Erythrocyte disorders can be broadly categorized into two main types: anemic and polycythemic conditions.
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On the other...
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Disorders of Leukocytes01:27

Disorders of Leukocytes

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Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Puzzles and Prospects.

Trevor W Robbins1, Matilde M Vaghi1, Paula Banca1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK.

Neuron
|April 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores advances in understanding obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) through genetics, neuropsychology, and brain circuitry. It evaluates current treatments and discusses future directions for OCD research and dimensional psychiatry.

Keywords:
cognitive-behavioral therapydeep brain stimulationexecutive functionglutamategoal-directed behaviorhabitobsessive compulsive disorderprefrontal cortexserotoninstriatum

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating psychiatric condition with complex neurobiological underpinnings.
  • Current understanding faces challenges in genetics, development, and neuropsychology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in the genetic, developmental, and neuropsychological bases of OCD.
  • To evaluate competing hypotheses on the behavioral and neural mechanisms of OCD.
  • To discuss the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of current OCD treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific advances in OCD research.
  • Evaluation of hypotheses regarding cortico-striatal circuitry and metacognitive theories.
  • Discussion of psychological, pharmacological, and surgical treatment approaches.

Main Results:

  • Advances in understanding OCD causation and neuropsychological basis are presented.
  • Hypotheses on goal-directed vs. habitual behavior and cortico-striatal correlates are contrasted with metacognitive theories.
  • Current OCD treatments show mixed efficacy, with debated underlying mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Further research into animal models and integrated pathophysiology is needed for a comprehensive understanding of OCD.
  • Dimensional psychiatry offers a framework for future OCD research and classification.
  • Developing effective treatments requires a deeper insight into OCD's complex mechanisms.