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Related Concept Videos

Apparent Weight01:09

Apparent Weight

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True weight is the measure of the gravitational force acting on an object. However, if the object accelerates, its measured weight is different from its true weight. Similar observations can be made when the object is submerged in water. An object's weight in water is its apparent weight, which is equal to the difference between its true weight and the buoyant forces.
Consider a person standing on a bathroom scale inside an elevator. If the scale is accurate at rest, its reading equals the...
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Cranial and Spinal Meninges01:19

Cranial and Spinal Meninges

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The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cranial Meninges
These meningeal layers cover the cranium. The dura mater is the outermost layer of cranial meninges. It is a thick and durable membrane of dense...
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Apparent Weight and the Earth's Rotation01:28

Apparent Weight and the Earth's Rotation

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Since all objects on the Earth's surface move through a circle every 24 hours, there must be a net centripetal force on each object, directed towards the center of that circle. The points of the north and south poles are the only exception to this rule.
For an object on the Earth's equator, the net centripetal force that accounts for its rotation is the Earth's pull towards its center, or the weight minus the normal force that prevents it from piercing into the Earth's surface....
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Patient-centered Care01:13

Patient-centered Care

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Patient-centered care involves delivering care beyond inpatient hospitalization. Reflective practice can enhance a patient-centered approach. Reflective practice is a process of reasoning that considers all aspects of the present situation, including practicalities, learning from personal practice, and consideration of patient needs. Patients appreciate care decisions made while considering their input. Involving the patient in their care provides the patient with a sense of contribution rather...
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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Automated Measurement of Cryptococcal Species Polysaccharide Capsule and Cell Body
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Cryptococcal Meningitis in an Apparent Immunocompetent Patient.

Marian Poley1, Richard Koubek1, Leonard Walsh1

  • 11 Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.

Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports
|April 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Cryptococcal meningitis, a severe fungal infection, affects immunocompromised individuals and can be fatal even with treatment. This case highlights its occurrence in a presumed immunocompetent host, emphasizing the need for awareness of subtle immunosuppression.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Mycology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Cryptococcal meningitis is a severe fungal infection with high mortality, primarily affecting immunocompromised individuals.
Keywords:
alcohol abusecryptococcal meningitisimmunocompetence

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  • Estimates suggest 200,000 global cases annually, with 3,400 in the US.
  • Mortality rates range from 20% to 30% despite antifungal therapy.