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Spinal Cord01:26

Spinal Cord

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The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.
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The Spinal Cord01:54

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The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
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Spinal Cord: Information Processing01:10

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The spinal cord is an integral hub for motor and sensory information that enables the brain to communicate with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This communication consists of relaying sensory data and transmission of motor commands.
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Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy01:15

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The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a fundamental role in nearly all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements. The spinal cord begins at the medulla oblongata at the base of the brainstem and extends downward, terminating at the conus medullaris near the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord's length in adults is...
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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Stem Cell-Derived Vascularized Organoids and Optimized Isolation of Wharton's Jelly for Enhanced MSC Production
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Umbilical Cord Hematoma.

M I Sánchez-Códez1, M Lubián-Gutiérrez1, P Méndez-Abad1

  • 1a Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar , Cadiz , Spain.

Fetal and Pediatric Pathology
|April 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Massive umbilical haematomas can cause fetal complications, but some neonates may show no adverse effects. This case highlights that asymptomatic presentation is possible even with large umbilical haematomas.

Area of Science:

  • Perinatology
  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Fetal Circulation

Background:

  • Umbilical cord haematomas are associated with significant fetal morbidity and mortality.
  • These complications arise from impaired vital fetal blood flow.
  • Risk factors and potential outcomes necessitate careful monitoring.

Observation:

  • A case of a massive umbilical haematoma is presented.
  • The neonate was asymptomatic at birth.
  • No identifiable risk factors or hypoxic events were noted prior to presentation.

Findings:

  • The massive umbilical haematoma did not result in immediate complications for the neonate.
  • The asymptomatic presentation challenges typical expectations for such a condition.
  • This suggests a spectrum of clinical outcomes for umbilical haematomas.
Keywords:
Fetal hypoxiahaematomaumbilical cord

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Implications:

  • While massive umbilical haematomas can lead to miscarriage and fetal hypoxia, this case demonstrates that complications are not universal.
  • Further research may elucidate factors contributing to benign neonatal outcomes in the presence of large haematomas.
  • Clinical management guidelines may need to consider the possibility of asymptomatic cases.