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Increased fiber intake predicts the decrease in 2nd phase glucose-induced hyperinsulinemia following a hypocaloric

V Provost1, V Lamantia1, S Bissonnette1

  • 1Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM) and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases : NMCD
|April 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Increasing dietary fiber intake improves insulin sensitivity and reduces glucose-induced insulin secretion during weight loss diets. Higher fiber intake independently predicts better metabolic outcomes, potentially aiding in type 2 diabetes prevention.

Keywords:
Dietary fiberHypocaloric dietInsulin resistanceInsulin secretion

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic Health
  • Nutritional Science
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Higher fiber intake is linked to improved insulin sensitivity (IS) and reduced glucose-induced insulin secretion (GIIS) in isocaloric diets.
  • The impact of increased fiber intake on IS and GIIS during hypocaloric diets remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether increased dietary fiber intake predicts improvements in IS and GIIS following a hypocaloric diet.
  • To determine the independent role of fiber in metabolic adaptations during weight loss.

Main Methods:

  • Post-hoc analysis of 55 adults (BMI > 27 kg/m²) completing a 6-month, 500 kcal/day hypocaloric diet.
  • Dietary intake assessed via 3-day food records; IS measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps.
  • GIIS evaluated by insulin and C-peptide secretion during intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT).

Main Results:

  • Increased fiber intake positively correlated with IS (r=0.30) and negatively with 2nd phase GIIS (r=-0.44) and total GIIS (r=-0.37).
  • Higher fiber intake remained a significant predictor of reduced 2nd phase GIIS, independent of BMI, energy intake, and other macronutrients.
  • Subjects increasing fiber intake showed greater reductions in 2nd phase GIIS compared to those decreasing intake.

Conclusions:

  • Increased fiber intake is an independent predictor of reduced 2nd phase glucose-induced hyperinsulinemia after a hypocaloric diet.
  • This suggests fiber may enhance insulin clearance rather than solely reducing secretion.
  • Promoting high-fiber diets may improve the efficacy of hypocaloric diets for type 2 diabetes prevention.