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Assessing the association between bronchiolitis in infancy and recurrent wheeze: a whole English birth cohort

Robin Marlow1, Adam Finn1, John Henderson1

  • 1Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.

Thorax
|April 6, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Bronchiolitis, a common infant respiratory infection, significantly increases the risk of childhood wheeze admissions. This risk is even higher for non-respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis and persists into later childhood.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The link between infant bronchiolitis and subsequent childhood wheeze remains incompletely understood.
  • Understanding this association is crucial for identifying children at risk of developing persistent respiratory issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between bronchiolitis in infancy and the risk of developing wheeze phenotypes later in childhood.
  • To compare the risk of wheeze following bronchiolitis versus other infections like urinary tract infection (UTI).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the entire 2007 English birth cohort.
  • Tracked infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis or UTI in their first year.
  • Followed participants for 8 years using Hospital Episode Statistics to identify wheeze admissions.

Main Results:

  • Infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis had a 2.4 times higher risk of wheeze admission compared to those with UTI.
  • The risk was notably higher for non-respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis (RR 3.1).
  • This increased risk of wheeze persisted into late-onset wheeze (RR 1.7).

Conclusions:

  • Bronchiolitis is a significant risk factor for childhood wheeze, independent of other infections.
  • Non-RSV bronchiolitis poses a particularly high risk for developing wheeze.
  • Early bronchiolitis hospitalization warrants consideration for long-term respiratory monitoring in children.

Keywords:
asthma epidemiologyclinical epidemiologyrespiratory infection

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