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Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides
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Ash clouds temperature estimation. Implication on dilute and concentrated PDCs coupling and topography confinement.

A Pensa1,2, L Capra3, G Giordano4

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Researchers estimated the temperature of a volcanic ash cloud using charred wood. This new method helps assess hazards from pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) in valleys.

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Area of Science:

  • Volcanology
  • Geochemistry
  • Organic geochemistry

Background:

  • Pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) pose significant volcanic hazards due to their speed and unpredictable extent.
  • Dilute PDCs (ash clouds) can surmount topographic barriers, threatening settlements.
  • Assessing ash cloud temperature is crucial for understanding PDC behavior and hazard potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the temperature of an ash cloud from the 11 July 2015 Volcán de Colima eruption.
  • To pioneer indirect temperature estimation of dilute pyroclastic density currents using charred organic matter.
  • To evaluate the thermal coupling between ash clouds and concentrated PDC flows.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of charred pine wood fragments using reflectance and microtomography.
  • Sampling charcoal at different heights on tree trunks affected by the PDC.
  • Distinguishing temperature zones (Zone A and Zone B) based on charring and impact marks.

Main Results:

  • Temperature estimations from reflectance and microtomography were consistent.
  • Zone A (lower, 150-180 cm) showed bark peeling and impacts with temperatures similar to the PDC deposit.
  • Zone B (upper, >180 cm) showed burning without impacts, with temperatures comparable to proximal to distal PDC deposit ranges.
  • The ash cloud remained thermally coupled with the concentrated flow throughout the ravine.

Conclusions:

  • The 2015 Colima PDC ash cloud was thermally coupled with the concentrated flow, explaining its uplift and lack of detachment.
  • Detached ash cloud surges would possess temperatures similar to the concentrated PDC flow.
  • Estimating ash cloud temperatures is vital for hazard assessment of PDCs in steep, valleyed volcanic regions.