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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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Cellular Differentiation00:57

Cellular Differentiation

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How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array of cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells that characterize the adult? Throughout development and adulthood, cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final morphology and physiology. Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
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Differential Leveling

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Differential leveling is a precise method in surveying used to determine the elevation difference between two points. Its primary goal is to establish accurate vertical measurements to create level surfaces or grade lines critical for designing and constructing infrastructures such as roads, bridges, and buildings.The procedure for differential leveling begins with setting up and leveling the instrument at a point where the benchmark can be seen. The level rod is held on the benchmark (BM), and...
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Implicit Differentiation01:25

Implicit Differentiation

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In classical mechanics, motion is often described through relationships between spatial coordinates and time. A car moving along a straight highway with constant acceleration serves as a simple case where velocity is an explicit function of time. This scenario results in a linear equation, enabling straightforward analysis using basic differentiation techniques.In contrast, a satellite in circular orbit follows a path defined by an implicit function. The position of the satellite is constrained...
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Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy
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Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

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Completion Thyroidectomy in Differentiated Thyroid Malignancy-A Prospective Analysis.

Jeyashanth Riju1, Shaji Thomas1, K R Anila2

  • 11Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, Kerala India.

Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology
|April 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Completion thyroidectomy is a safe procedure for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) with high malignancy rates. Risk factors like papillary thyroid cancer and capsular invasion increase malignancy risk.

Keywords:
Completion thyroidectomyDifferentiated thyroid cancer (DTC)Papillary carcinoma thyroid (PCT)Revision surgeryThyroidectomy

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Thyroid Cancer Research

Background:

  • Completion thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) presents surgical challenges and unclear indications due to potential complications.
  • Understanding risk factors and complications is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies in DTC management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify risk factors prompting completion thyroidectomy in DTC patients.
  • To evaluate surgery-related complications associated with completion thyroidectomy.
  • To assess the incidence of malignancy in completion thyroidectomy specimens.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective analysis of 48 DTC patients undergoing completion thyroidectomy (with or without neck dissection) in 2017.
  • Comparison of clinico-radiological features with histopathology of completion thyroidectomy specimens.
  • Statistical analysis of risk factors for malignancy and assessment of procedure-related complications.

Main Results:

  • The incidence of malignancy in completion thyroidectomy specimens was 56.25%.
  • Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PCT) and capsular invasion in the primary tumor were significant risk factors for malignancy (p=0.042 and p=0.021, respectively).
  • Patients over 55 years old had an increased risk of malignancy (p=0.05); no significant increase in complications was observed based on surgery duration or type.

Conclusions:

  • Completion thyroidectomy in DTC demonstrates a high incidence of malignancy and can be safely performed by experienced surgeons with acceptable complication rates.
  • Consideration for completion thyroidectomy is recommended for non-compliant patients, those with PCT, capsular invasion, and elderly individuals.