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Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Obtaining Cancer Stem Cell Spheres from Gynecological and Breast Cancer Tumors
Published on: March 1, 2020
Gynecological Cancers-the Changing Paradigm
1Division of Gynaeoncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, Kerala India.
Abstract:
Outstanding research in the last few decades led to newer insights into the management of gynecological cancers. In the preventive arena, the efficacy and safety of HPV vaccination are well accepted and is now in addition to bi- and quadrivalent vaccines; there is a nonavalent vaccine against nine oncogenic HPV strains. Recent studies also looked into the dosaging schedules and age of vaccination against HPV to improve the vaccine efficacy and coverage. HPV testing is now approved as a primary screening test for cervical cancer in women aged more than 30 years with better sensitivity than the traditional cytology. Opportunistic salpingectomy for ovarian cancer prevention and neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancers are accepted practices. The role of personalized medicine in ovarian cancer and comprehensive genomic analysis of endometrial cancers are also covered in this review.
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Global Climate Change
Work Done During Volume Change
Consider a gas confined to a cylinder fitted with a movable piston at one end. If the gas expands from volume V1 to volume V2, it exerts a force on the piston, such that the piston moves by a distance dr.
The work done by the gas on the piston can be expressed as
Net Change Theorem
Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction
Le Chatelier's Principle: Changing Temperature
To understand this phenomenon, consider the elementary reaction:
Application of Rates of Change

