Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of its...
Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...
Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Autopsy-Confirmed Non-Paraneoplastic Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome with Cerebellar Degeneration: A Case Report.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Anti-Ma2 Antibody-Associated Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration Mimicking the Cerebellar Ataxic Subtype of Hashimoto's Encephalopathy: A Case Report.

Case reports in neurological medicine·2026
Same author

Sex-Stratified Association of Regional Dopamine Transporter Binding With Disease Progression in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Annals of clinical and translational neurology·2026
Same author

Offset Conduction Velocity Reveals Prognostic Slowing of Motor Axons in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Muscle & nerve·2026
Same author

Gait analysis of children with neurodevelopmental disorders using gait profile score.

Brain & development·2026
Same author

Weight maintenance following enteral nutrition is associated with prolonged survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Journal of neurology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 25, 2026

An Instrumented Pull Test to Characterize Postural Responses
12:18

An Instrumented Pull Test to Characterize Postural Responses

Published on: April 6, 2019

11.3K

Postural Abnormality in Parkinson's Disease: A Large Comparative Study With General Population.

Yoshihito Ando1,2, Ken-Ichi Fujimoto3, Ken Ikeda4

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine Josai Hospital.

Movement Disorders Clinical Practice
|April 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Parkinson's disease (PD) patients exhibit greater spinal curvature, specifically dropped head angle and anterior flexion, compared to the general population. Disease progression and other factors significantly influence these postural abnormalities in PD.

Keywords:
Parkinson's diseasedigital camera photographgeneral populationpostural abnormalityrelated factor

More Related Videos

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
10:28

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: July 24, 2019

15.8K
Characterizing the Relationship Between Eye Movement Parameters and Cognitive Functions in Non-demented Parkinson's Disease Patients with Eye Tracking
07:26

Characterizing the Relationship Between Eye Movement Parameters and Cognitive Functions in Non-demented Parkinson's Disease Patients with Eye Tracking

Published on: September 26, 2019

8.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 25, 2026

An Instrumented Pull Test to Characterize Postural Responses
12:18

An Instrumented Pull Test to Characterize Postural Responses

Published on: April 6, 2019

11.3K
Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
10:28

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: July 24, 2019

15.8K
Characterizing the Relationship Between Eye Movement Parameters and Cognitive Functions in Non-demented Parkinson's Disease Patients with Eye Tracking
07:26

Characterizing the Relationship Between Eye Movement Parameters and Cognitive Functions in Non-demented Parkinson's Disease Patients with Eye Tracking

Published on: September 26, 2019

8.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Geriatrics
  • Biomechanical analysis

Background:

  • Postural abnormalities in Parkinson's disease (PD) are not well-defined and differentiated from those in the elderly.
  • Factors contributing to PD-related postural changes remain controversial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare spinal postural changes between PD patients and unimpaired elderly individuals.
  • To identify factors associated with abnormal posture in PD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Digital photographs were used to measure thoracolumbar spine angles (dropped head angle - DHA, anterior flexion angle - AFA, lateral flexion angle - LFA) in 1,117 PD patients and 2,732 general population participants (GPPs).
  • Statistical analyses were employed to determine factors influencing these angles.

Main Results:

  • In GPPs, age correlated with DHA, AFA, and LFA. PD patients showed significantly larger DHAs and AFAs compared to age-matched GPPs.
  • Factors influencing DHA in PD patients included age, male sex, and Hoehn and Yahr (H & Y) stage. AFA was associated with age, disease duration, H & Y stage, pain, vertebral disease, and bending direction.
  • Lateral flexion angle (LFA) was related to AFA in PD patients.

Conclusions:

  • Age is a factor in spinal angles for both GPPs and PD patients, but PD patients exhibit more pronounced abnormalities.
  • Disease severity and other factors contribute to significant postural deviations in PD patients, extending beyond normal age-related changes.