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The group Stramenopiles include some phototrophic microorganisms. Members of this group possess flagella covered in numerous short, hairlike extensions, a feature that inspired the group's name, derived from the Latin words for "straw" and "hair." Some of the main categories of Stramenopiles include diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae.Diatoms are unicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes, with over 200 known genera. They play a key role in the planktonic communities of both marine and...
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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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The kingdom Archaeplastida encompasses red and green algae, along with land plants. Unlike other protists with chloroplasts that arose through secondary endosymbiosis, only red and green algae originated from primary endosymbiotic events. This diverse group of eukaryotic organisms contains chlorophyll and performs oxygenic photosynthesis.Algae exist in various forms, from large brown kelp in coastal waters to green scum in puddles and stains on rocks or soil. Some species are responsible for...
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Nucleomorph Small RNAs in Cryptophyte and Chlorarachniophyte Algae.

Anna K M Åsman1,2, Bruce A Curtis1, John M Archibald1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Genome Biology and Evolution
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Area of Science:

  • * Molecular Biology
  • * Genomics
  • * Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • * Gene expression and RNA maturation are crucial for cellular functions.
  • * Small RNAs (sRNAs) regulate gene expression, but their roles across eukaryotes are not well understood.
  • * Nucleomorph genomes, found in some algae, represent a unique system for studying sRNA biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the small RNA repertoires encoded by the nucleomorph genomes of Guillardia theta (cryptophyte) and Bigelowiella natans (chlorarachniophyte).
  • * To identify novel small RNAs and understand their potential functions in these understudied organisms.
  • * To explore the evolutionary implications of sRNA content in nucleomorph genomes.

Main Methods:

  • * Deep sequencing of small RNAs from G. theta and B. natans.
  • * Bioinformatic analysis to identify and classify small RNAs, including spliceosomal small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs).
  • * Comparative analysis with known RNA families and prediction of RNA modification functions.

Main Results:

  • * Identified nucleomorph-encoded U1, U2, U4 snRNAs and 11 C/D box snoRNAs in G. theta, with five snoRNAs having potential homologs in plants and animals.
  • * Predicted snoRNAs in G. theta are involved in 2 -O methylation of rRNA.
  • * Discovered previously undetected 5S rRNA and six orphan sRNAs in B. natans, with snRNA analysis providing insights into intron removal.
  • * Neither nucleomorph genome appears to encode RNA pseudouridylation machinery, and U5 snRNA is absent in G. theta.

Conclusions:

  • * Nucleomorph genomes harbor diverse small RNAs, including those involved in fundamental RNA processing and modification.
  • * The absence of U5 snRNA in G. theta and the lack of pseudouridylation machinery suggest unique evolutionary paths.
  • * Potential cytoplasm-to-nucleomorph RNA shuttling is proposed for G. theta, highlighting distinct regulatory strategies in algae.