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Familiarity, recollection, and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves in recognition memory.

James F Juola1, Alexandra Caballero-Sanz2, Adrián R Muñoz-García2

  • 1Social Psychology and Methodology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. juolas@ku.edu.

Memory & Cognition
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human memory models predict recognition based on familiarity or discrete states. This study found receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves vary significantly with target word frequency, confidence, and response times, cautioning against using group data alone for memory models.

Keywords:
Familiarity vs. recollectionMemory modelsRecognition memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Memory Research

Background:

  • The Atkinson-Shiffrin theory provides a framework for understanding human memory storage and retrieval.
  • Existing models of recognition memory propose different mechanisms, including familiarity judgments and discrete internal states.
  • Signal detection theory and hybrid models offer varying approaches to explaining recognition decisions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine predictions of different human memory models regarding search and decision processes in recognition.
  • To evaluate how factors like familiarity, certainty, and search influence recognition memory performance.
  • To compare receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves derived from different data analyses in recognition memory.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized response time and error data from a word list recognition memory study.
  • Constructed receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves using three standard methods.
  • Estimated model parameters and evaluated model fit using both group and individual subject data.

Main Results:

  • Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed significant variations based on target-word frequency, confidence judgments, and response latencies.
  • Different analytical methods yielded substantially different ROC curves from the same dataset.
  • Individual subject data provided a different perspective on recognition memory performance compared to group data.

Conclusions:

  • The interpretation of recognition memory performance is sensitive to the specific data analysis methods employed.
  • Individual subject data must be carefully considered, as it can lead to different theoretical conclusions than group data.
  • Caution is advised when using aggregated group data to determine the theoretical underpinnings of recognition memory.