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Children with cochlear implants (CIs) struggle to use case and verb agreement cues in German which-questions, even when they can perceive them. Their comprehension and processing lag behind children with normal hearing (NH), showing significant variability.

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Audiology

Background:

  • Children with cochlear implants (CIs) often face challenges in processing complex linguistic structures.
  • German which-questions rely heavily on morphosyntactic cues like case and verb agreement for correct interpretation.
  • Understanding how CIs affect the use of these cues is crucial for language development in affected children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the processing of case and verb agreement cues in German which-questions by children with CIs.
  • To compare the comprehension and online processing of these cues in children with CIs versus children with normal hearing (NH).
  • To determine if children with CIs who perceive these cues effectively utilize them in speech comprehension.

Main Methods:

  • A picture selection task with eye tracking was administered to 33 children with CIs and 36 children with NH.
  • Comprehension of subject, object, and passive which-questions was assessed.
  • Auditory discrimination of case morphology and perception/comprehension of subject-verb agreement were tested via screening tasks.

Main Results:

  • Children with CIs showed more difficulty with object questions compared to NH children, despite passing screening tests.
  • Comprehension of subject and passive questions was comparable between CI and NH groups.
  • Eye-tracking revealed reanalysis effects in CI users even when cues were available early in the sentence, unlike NH users.

Conclusions:

  • Children with CIs demonstrate delayed use of morphosyntactic cues for comprehension and processing, even with intact perception.
  • Performance deficits and processing times indicate a lag in development compared to NH peers.
  • Interindividual variability in the CI group is linked to working memory capacity and hearing age.