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    Area of Science:

    • Ultrasonic testing
    • Non-destructive Evaluation (NDE)
    • Array transducer technology

    Background:

    • Row-column Addressed (RCA) arrays reduce element count in 2-d arrays.
    • Conventional fully populated 2-d arrays are standard in NDE.
    • Optimized beamforming is crucial for high-resolution NDE.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Compare RCA arrays to fully populated 2-d arrays in pulse-echo NDE.
    • Evaluate an improved beamforming algorithm for RCA arrays.
    • Demonstrate the practical advantages of RCA arrays in NDE applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized modelled data for array comparison.
    • Implemented an improved beamforming algorithm based on the total focusing method.
    • Conducted experimental validation using RCA arrays for defect detection and sizing.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully detected a sub-wavelength diameter conical bottom hole using RCA arrays.
    • Achieved a maximum signal-to-noise ratio of 17.0dB for small defect detection.
    • Improved flat bottom hole sizing accuracy with RCA arrays compared to B-scan algorithms (0.23 ± 0.04mm vs. 1.29 ± 0.07mm).

    Conclusions:

    • RCA arrays demonstrate significant advantages over conventional fully populated 2-d arrays for NDE.
    • The developed beamforming method enhances defect detection and sizing capabilities.
    • RCA arrays provide a viable and improved platform for future NDE development.