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Dental enamel bleached for a prolonged and excessive time: Morphological changes.

Kelly Fernanda Barbosa Vilhena¹, Bárbara Catarina Lima Nogueira¹, Nathalia Carolina Fernandes Fagundes^2,3

¹School of Dentistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil.

|April 6, 2019

Summary

Prolonged home teeth whitening with 10% carbamide peroxide (10% PC) can alter enamel ultrastructure, chemical composition, and microhardness. While roughness remained unchanged, excessive bleaching negatively impacted microhardness.

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Area of Science:

Dental Materials Science
Biomaterials
Conservative Dentistry

Background:

Home bleaching using 10% carbamide peroxide (10% PC) is a popular aesthetic dental treatment.
Concerns exist regarding the potential effects of prolonged or excessive application times on dental enamel properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the impact of prolonged 10% carbamide peroxide (10% PC) home bleaching on tooth enamel characteristics.
Investigate changes in roughness, microhardness, ultrastructure, chemical composition, and crystalline structure.

Main Methods:

Enamel specimens were subjected to different durations of 10% carbamide peroxide (10% PC) application: recommended (14 days), prolonged (21 days), and excessive (28 days).
Evaluated parameters included surface roughness, microhardness, enamel ultrastructure via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and elemental composition using dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (DXS).

Main Results:

No significant changes in enamel roughness were observed across all groups.
A decrease in microhardness was noted in the excessively bleached group (100% longer duration).
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed surface alterations in enamel for groups receiving recommended, prolonged, and excessive bleaching.
Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (DXS) detected changes in the elemental composition (O, Mg, P, K) in all treated groups.

Conclusions:

Prolonged home bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide (10% PC) can induce detrimental changes to tooth enamel.
These changes affect enamel ultrastructure, chemical composition, and microhardness, particularly with excessive application times.