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Polycomb/Trithorax Antagonism: Cellular Memory in Stem Cell Fate and Function.

Marjorie Brand1, Kiran Nakka1, Jiayu Zhu1

  • 1Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8L6; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8L6.

Cell Stem Cell
|April 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stem cells decide to self-renew or differentiate, a process regulated by cellular memory. Polycomb group (PcG) and Trithorax group (TrxG) proteins are key to this memory, influencing cell fate and offering cancer therapy targets.

Keywords:
Ezh2PolycombTrithoraxUTXcell fatecellular memoryepigeneticshistone methylationleukemiatranscription factors

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Cancer biology

Background:

  • Stem cells possess the unique ability to self-renew or differentiate into specialized cell types.
  • Cellular memory, crucial for maintaining cell identity, must be overcome for successful differentiation.
  • Polycomb group (PcG) and Trithorax group (TrxG) proteins are established regulators of cellular memory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of PcG and TrxG proteins in stem cell self-renewal and differentiation.
  • To explore how PcG and TrxG proteins maintain cell identity while permitting environmental influences on cell fate.
  • To discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting PcG and TrxG proteins in cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review integrating findings from embryonic and adult stem cell research.
  • Analysis of the regulatory mechanisms governed by PcG and TrxG proteins.
  • Exploration of the implications for cancer therapy.

Main Results:

  • PcG and TrxG proteins play complex, often opposing, roles in regulating stem cell fate decisions.
  • These protein groups are critical for establishing and maintaining cellular memory, influencing differentiation pathways.
  • The intricate balance of PcG/TrxG activity is essential for preserving cell identity against external cues.

Conclusions:

  • PcG and TrxG proteins are central to stem cell plasticity, balancing self-renewal with differentiation.
  • Understanding their roles in cellular memory provides insights into normal development and disease.
  • Targeting PcG and TrxG pathways presents a promising avenue for novel cancer therapeutics.