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Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Delivery of Therapeutic siRNA to the CNS Using Cationic and Anionic Liposomes
Published on: July 23, 2016
Targeted brain delivery of methotrexate by glutathione PEGylated liposomes: How can the formulation make a
Yang Hu1, Pieter J Gaillard2, Elizabeth C M de Lange3
1Translational PKPD Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Associate Member of SciLife Lab, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to quantitatively investigate how conjugation of GSH to different liposomal formulations influence the brain delivery of methotrexate (MTX) in rats. GSH-PEG liposomal MTX based on hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) or egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (EYPC) and their corresponding PEG control liposomes were prepared. The brain delivery of MTX after intravenously administering free MTX, four liposomal formulations or free MTX + empty GSH-PEG-HSPC liposomes was evaluated by performing microdialysis in brain interstitial fluid and blood. Compared to free MTX with a steady-state unbound brain-to-plasma concentration ratio (Kp,uu) of 0.10, PEG-HSPC liposomes did not affect the brain uptake of MTX, while PEG-EYPC liposomes improved the uptake (Kp,uu 1.5, p < 0.05). Compared to PEG control formulations, GSH-PEG-HSPC liposomes increased brain delivery of MTX by 4-fold (Kp,uu 0.82, p < 0.05), while GSH-coating on PEG-EYPC liposomes did not result in a further enhancement in uptake. The co-administration of empty GSH-PEG-HSPC liposomes with free MTX did not influence the uptake of MTX into the brain. This work showed that the brain-targeting effect of GSH-PEG liposomal MTX is highly dependent on the liposomal formulation that is combined with GSH, providing insights on formulation optimization of this promising brain delivery platform.
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