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The effects of IFITM1 and IFITM3 gene deletion on IFNγ stimulated protein synthesis
Maria Gómez-Herranz1, Marta Nekulova2, Jakub Faktor2
1University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom.
Abstract:
Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins IFITM1 and IFITM3 (IFITM1/3) play a role in both RNA viral restriction and in human cancer progression. Using immunohistochemical staining of FFPE tissue, we identified subgroups of cervical cancer patients where IFITM1/3 protein expression is inversely related to metastasis. Guide RNA-CAS9 methods were used to develop an isogenic IFITM1/IFITM3 double null cervical cancer model in order to define dominant pathways triggered by presence or absence of IFITM1/3 signalling. A pulse SILAC methodology identified IRF1, HLA-B, and ISG15 as the most dominating IFNγ inducible proteins whose synthesis was attenuated in the IFITM1/IFITM3 double-null cells. Conversely, SWATH-IP mass spectrometry of ectopically expressed SBP-tagged IFITM1 identified ISG15 and HLA-B as dominant co-associated proteins. ISG15ylation was attenuated in IFNγ treated IFITM1/IFITM3 double-null cells. Proximity ligation assays indicated that HLA-B can interact with IFITM1/3 proteins in parental SiHa cells. Cell surface expression of HLA-B was attenuated in IFNγ treated IFITM1/IFITM3 double-null cells. SWATH-MS proteomic screens in cells treated with IFITM1-targeted siRNA cells resulted in the attenuation of an interferon regulated protein subpopulation including MHC Class I molecules as well as IFITM3, STAT1, B2M, and ISG15. These data have implications for the function of IFITM1/3 in mediating IFNγ stimulated protein synthesis including ISG15ylation and MHC Class I production in cancer cells. The data together suggest that pro-metastatic growth associated with IFITM1/3 negative cervical cancers relates to attenuated expression of MHC Class I molecules that would support tumor immune escape.
Insights
Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins IFITM1/3 are linked to cancer progression. Lower IFITM1/3 expression in cervical cancer correlates with metastasis, potentially due to reduced MHC Class I expression and immune escape.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Oncology
- Virology
Background:
- Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins IFITM1 and IFITM3 (IFITM1/3) are implicated in RNA viral restriction and human cancer progression.
- Previous studies suggest a role for IFITM1/3 in various cancers, but their specific function in cervical cancer metastasis remains unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of IFITM1/3 in cervical cancer metastasis.
- To identify molecular pathways regulated by IFITM1/3 signaling in cervical cancer cells.
Main Methods:
- Immunohistochemical staining of FFPE cervical cancer tissues.
- Development of an IFITM1/IFITM3 double-null cervical cancer model using CRISPR-Cas9.
- Quantitative proteomic analyses including pulse SILAC, SWATH-IP mass spectrometry, and SWATH-MS.
- Proximity ligation assays and cell surface expression analysis.
Main Results:
- IFITM1/3 protein expression was inversely related to metastasis in cervical cancer subgroups.
- Absence of IFITM1/3 attenuated IFNγ-inducible protein synthesis, notably IRF1, HLA-B, and ISG15.
- IFITM1/3 proteins were found to co-associate with ISG15 and HLA-B, and interact with HLA-B.
- Cell surface expression of HLA-B and ISG15ylation were reduced in IFITM1/3-deficient cells.
- IFITM1 knockdown attenuated interferon-regulated proteins, including MHC Class I molecules.
Conclusions:
- IFITM1/3 proteins play a significant role in regulating IFNγ-stimulated protein synthesis, including ISG15ylation and MHC Class I production in cancer cells.
- Attenuated expression of MHC Class I molecules in IFITM1/3-negative cervical cancers may promote metastatic growth by impairing tumor immune escape.
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