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Published on: February 5, 2019
Rhinovirus infections in infants suggest that early detection can prevent unnecessary treatment
Galit Pomeranz1, Rakefet Pando2, Musa Hindiyeh3
1Pediatric Department A, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Israel.
Insights
Human rhinovirus (hRV) infections are common in hospitalized children with acute respiratory illness (ARI). hRV type A was most prevalent, highlighting the need for routine hRV testing in young children with ARI.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- Respiratory Medicine
Background:
- Human rhinoviruses (hRV) are common RNA viruses from the Picornaviridae family, with subtypes A, B, and C.
- hRVs are a leading cause of acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) affecting both upper and lower respiratory tracts.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence and characteristics of hRV infections in hospitalized children under 5 years old in Israel.
- To analyze the clinical and laboratory findings associated with hRV infections in this pediatric population.
Main Methods:
- Real-time PCR was used to detect hRV and other respiratory viruses in 2503 respiratory samples.
- Sequencing was performed on rhinovirus-positive samples to identify specific hRV species.
Main Results:
- 422 samples (16.9%) tested positive for hRV, with 243 (57.6%) from children under 5.
- hRV type A was the most frequently identified species.
- Patients exhibited monocytosis (51%), hypercalcemia (61%), and lower respiratory tract involvement (75%).
Conclusions:
- hRV infections are a significant contributor to ARI hospitalizations in young children.
- Routine testing for hRV is recommended for children presenting with ARI to facilitate diagnosis and management.
Background:
Human rhinoviruses (hRV) are small, RNA viruses of the Picornaviridae family, which are divided into three subtypes (A, B, C). hRVs are among the most common causes for acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) involving both the upper and lower respiratory tract.
Objectives:
This study aimed to assess the magnitude and characteristics of hRV infections in hospitalized children, aged less than 5 years, hospitalized in Israel during 2011-2012.
Study Design:
The 2503 respiratory samples were subjected to real-time PCR, to detect hRV and other respiratory viruses. Rhinovirus-positive samples were further tested by sequencing to identify the infecting species.
Results:
Of these 2503 respiratory samples, 422 tested positive for hRV, of them, 243 were from children under 5 years of age (58% of all rhinoviral-positive samples). We also found that among the ARI-associated hospital admissions, 16% were positive for rhinovirus. hRV type A was the most common species. Laboratory data showed monocytosis in 51%, hypercalcemia in 61% and lower respiratory tract involvement in 75% of patients.
Conclusions:
We thus recommend including rhinovirus testing as part of the routine testing performed in young children presenting with ARI.
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