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Multimodal microscopy-based identification of surface nanobubbles.

Nicole Hain1, Stephan Handschuh-Wang1, Daniel Wesner1

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Surface nanobubbles can be rapidly and conclusively identified using combined atomic force microscopy (AFM) and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). This technique differentiates gas-filled nanobubbles from oil nanodroplets by analyzing fluorescence lifetimes of tracer dyes.

Keywords:
AFMCombined AFM-FLIMFLIMFluorescence lifetimeSurface nanobubbles

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Area of Science:

  • Surface science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Analytical chemistry

Background:

  • Surface nanobubbles are poorly understood entities with potential applications.
  • Distinguishing surface nanobubbles from contaminants like oil nanodroplets is challenging.
  • Rapid and conclusive identification methods are needed for nanoscale processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for conclusively differentiating surface nanobubbles from oil nanodroplets.
  • To utilize co-localization experiments with AFM and FLIM for identification.
  • To analyze fluorescence lifetimes of tracer fluorophores for differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Combined Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM).
  • Localization of interfaces using the reporter dye rhodamine 6G (Rh6G).
  • Determination of Rh6G fluorescence lifetime dependence on various interfaces (air/water, water/glass, polysiloxane/water).

Main Results:

  • Surface nanobubbles were successfully differentiated from polysiloxane droplets and lubricant contamination using AFM and FLIM.
  • Characteristic short fluorescence lifetime of Rh6G at the gas/water interface confirmed nanobubble presence.
  • The approach provides rapid and conclusive identification of gas-filled entities.

Conclusions:

  • Combined AFM-FLIM with tracer analysis offers a robust method for identifying surface nanobubbles.
  • This technique effectively distinguishes gas-filled nanobubbles from oil nanodroplets and other contaminants.
  • The findings resolve ambiguities regarding surface nanobubble identification in nanoscale research.