Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:27

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

163
Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...
163
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

18.0K
A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
18.0K
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

686
Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
686
Comparative Excretory Systems02:24

Comparative Excretory Systems

26.6K
Animals have evolved different strategies for excretion, the removal of waste from the body. Most waste must be dissolved in water to be excreted, so an animal’s excretory strategy directly affects its water balance.
26.6K
Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

1.5K
The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and...
1.5K
Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs02:26

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs

18.7K
Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
18.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Acta Crystallographica Section B welcomes three new Co-editors.

Acta crystallographica Section B, Structural science, crystal engineering and materials·2026
Same author

Solid-State NMR Elucidation of Intermolecular Interactions in Venetoclax-Fumaric Acid Cocrystal.

Magnetic resonance in chemistry : MRC·2025
Same author

A new Section Editor for Acta Cryst. B.

Acta crystallographica Section B, Structural science, crystal engineering and materials·2024
Same author

New Section Editor of Acta Crystallographica, Section B.

Acta crystallographica Section B, Structural science, crystal engineering and materials·2023
Same author

Cocrystals by Design: A Rational Coformer Selection Approach for Tackling the API Problems.

Pharmaceutics·2023
Same author

Diffusion and Flux Improvement of Drugs through Complexation.

Molecular pharmaceutics·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach
09:32

Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach

Published on: September 26, 2019

7.6K

Quantification of niclosamide polymorphic forms - A comparative study by Raman, NIR and MIR using chemometric

Valmala Bhavana1, Rahul B Chavan1, M K Chaitanya Mannava2

  • 1Solid State Pharmaceutical Research Group (SSPRG), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, India.

Talanta
|April 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Raman and NIR spectroscopy can accurately quantify niclosamide polymorphic conversion during processing. These techniques are vital for ensuring drug bioavailability by monitoring transformations between anhydrous (NAn) and monohydrate (NHa) forms.

Keywords:
Ball millingGranulationMSCPLSPolymorphic conversionSpectroscopy

More Related Videos

A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer
07:52

A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer

Published on: April 12, 2017

13.3K
A Method to Study the C924T Polymorphism of the Thromboxane A2 Receptor Gene
07:00

A Method to Study the C924T Polymorphism of the Thromboxane A2 Receptor Gene

Published on: April 1, 2019

10.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach
09:32

Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach

Published on: September 26, 2019

7.6K
A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer
07:52

A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer

Published on: April 12, 2017

13.3K
A Method to Study the C924T Polymorphism of the Thromboxane A2 Receptor Gene
07:00

A Method to Study the C924T Polymorphism of the Thromboxane A2 Receptor Gene

Published on: April 1, 2019

10.4K

Area of Science:

  • Solid-state chemistry
  • Pharmaceutical sciences
  • Analytical chemistry

Background:

  • Niclosamide, an anthelmintic, is repurposed for cancer treatment and exists as anhydrous (NAn) and monohydrate (NHa, NHb) forms.
  • The anhydrous form (NAn) is prone to pseudopolymorphic conversion to the metastable monohydrate (NHa), impacting dissolution and bioavailability.
  • Water, a common solvent in pharmaceutical processing (e.g., ball milling, wet granulation), can induce NAn to NHa conversion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility of Raman, Near-Infrared (NIR), and Mid-Infrared (MIR) spectroscopy for identifying and quantifying niclosamide polymorphic forms.
  • To develop and validate chemometric calibration models for analyzing niclosamide in binary and multicomponent mixtures.
  • To monitor and quantify the NHa form during critical processing steps like ball milling and granulation.

Main Methods:

  • Development and validation of calibration models using vibrational spectroscopic techniques (Raman, NIR, MIR) and chemometrics.
  • Analysis of binary mixtures of NAn and NHa, and multicomponent mixtures containing other niclosamide forms.
  • Application of validated spectroscopic methods to quantify NHa during high-energy milling and wet granulation processes.

Main Results:

  • Raman and NIR spectroscopy achieved acceptable recovery rates (100.13-102.99% for Raman, 100.07-101.28% for NIR) with low relative standard deviation (2.38-3.12%).
  • Quantification of NHa during ball milling and granulation showed consistent results between NIR and Raman spectroscopy.
  • Raman spectroscopy demonstrated superior performance in quantifying NHa in the presence of NHb due to distinct spectral differences in the hydrate region.

Conclusions:

  • Raman and NIR spectroscopy are effective tools for the identification and quantification of niclosamide pseudopolymorphs in various mixtures.
  • These vibrational spectroscopic techniques are suitable for monitoring polymorphic conversions during pharmaceutical manufacturing processes.
  • Raman spectroscopy offers an advantage for differentiating and quantifying niclosamide hydrates (NHa and NHb) compared to NIR and MIR.