Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

11.9K
RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while...
11.9K
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

10.8K
Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
10.8K
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

195.3K
Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
195.3K
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

16.3K
Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
16.3K
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

25.8K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
25.8K
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

24.8K
Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
24.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

HTZ-1/H2A.Z expression sustains transcriptional programs that regulate Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan.

Mechanisms of ageing and development·2026
Same author

TGF-β and IL-2 differentially shape T follicular regulatory cell differentiation and stability in vitro.

Cellular & molecular immunology·2026
Same author

Ischemic injury triggers a protective microglial phenotype in models of Aβ pathology.

Journal of neuroinflammation·2026
Same author

Genetics of pancreatic agenesis: a 21-year international cohort study.

The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology·2026
Same author

Adhesion-controlled mechanics of the glial niche regulate neural stem cell proliferative potential.

Developmental cell·2026
Same author

Conserved roles of GATA4 and its target gene TBX2 in regulation of human cardiogenesis.

Biology open·2026
Same journal

High-Throughput Microbial Assay for Amino Acid Measurement in Ground Maize Seed Samples Utilizing Auxotrophic <i>E. coli</i>.

Cold Spring Harbor protocols·2025
Same journal

Grain Quality in Maize.

Cold Spring Harbor protocols·2025
Same journal

High-Throughput Assay for Measuring Phytate and Available Phosphorus in Ground Maize Seed Samples.

Cold Spring Harbor protocols·2025
Same journal

Functional Genomic Analysis of Transposon Insertion Mutant Maize Plants from the UniformMu National Public Resource.

Cold Spring Harbor protocols·2025
Same journal

The UniformMu National Public Resource: Transposon<i>-</i>Induced Mutant Seeds for Functional Genomics Studies in Maize.

Cold Spring Harbor protocols·2025
Same journal

Insights from the Study of B<i>-</i>Cell Epitopes of a Microbial Pathogen by Phage Display.

Cold Spring Harbor protocols·2025
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Characterization of In Vitro Differentiation of Human Primary Keratinocytes by RNA-Seq Analysis
07:29

Characterization of In Vitro Differentiation of Human Primary Keratinocytes by RNA-Seq Analysis

Published on: May 16, 2020

6.7K

An RNA-Seq Protocol for Differential Expression Analysis.

Nick D L Owens1, Elena De Domenico1, Michael J Gilchrist2

  • 1The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1ST London, United Kingdom.

Cold Spring Harbor Protocols
|April 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a standard RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) protocol for analyzing gene expression in Xenopus embryos. The method enables differential gene expression analysis between control and treated groups using Illumina sequencing.

More Related Videos

RNA-Seq Analysis of Differential Gene Expression in Electroporated Chick Embryonic Spinal Cord
11:13

RNA-Seq Analysis of Differential Gene Expression in Electroporated Chick Embryonic Spinal Cord

Published on: November 1, 2014

15.1K
Multiplexed Analysis of Retinal Gene Expression and Chromatin Accessibility Using scRNA-Seq and scATAC-Seq
06:24

Multiplexed Analysis of Retinal Gene Expression and Chromatin Accessibility Using scRNA-Seq and scATAC-Seq

Published on: March 12, 2021

4.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Characterization of In Vitro Differentiation of Human Primary Keratinocytes by RNA-Seq Analysis
07:29

Characterization of In Vitro Differentiation of Human Primary Keratinocytes by RNA-Seq Analysis

Published on: May 16, 2020

6.7K
RNA-Seq Analysis of Differential Gene Expression in Electroporated Chick Embryonic Spinal Cord
11:13

RNA-Seq Analysis of Differential Gene Expression in Electroporated Chick Embryonic Spinal Cord

Published on: November 1, 2014

15.1K
Multiplexed Analysis of Retinal Gene Expression and Chromatin Accessibility Using scRNA-Seq and scATAC-Seq
06:24

Multiplexed Analysis of Retinal Gene Expression and Chromatin Accessibility Using scRNA-Seq and scATAC-Seq

Published on: March 12, 2021

4.1K

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a powerful technique for measuring global gene expression.
  • Xenopus embryos offer an accessible model for studying developmental gene expression due to their abundance and synchronous development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a standardized RNA-Seq protocol for differential gene expression analysis in Xenopus embryos.
  • To detail both wet-lab sample preparation and computational analysis steps.

Main Methods:

  • RNA fragmentation, capture, and sequencing using Illumina technology.
  • Whole embryo samples with polyadenylated mRNA measurement under relative normalization.
  • Two-state differential gene expression analysis comparing control and treated embryo groups.

Main Results:

  • The protocol facilitates robust gene expression quantification.
  • Enables reliable identification of differentially expressed genes between experimental conditions.
  • Provides a framework for analyzing gene expression changes during development.

Conclusions:

  • The presented RNA-Seq protocol is effective for differential gene expression analysis in Xenopus.
  • This standardized method aids in understanding developmental gene regulation.
  • The protocol combines essential wet-lab and computational procedures for comprehensive analysis.