Assessing the Interleukin 35 Immunoexpression in Malignant Canine Mammary Tumors: Association With Clinicopathological Parameters and Prognosis
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Published on: February 22, 2019
Maria Isabel Carvalho1,2, Isabel Pires1,2, Justina Prada1,2
1CECAV, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.
Background/Aim:
IL-35 has a prominent immunosuppressive role and its overexpression has been reported in human breast cancer. However, the impact of IL-35 in canine mammary carcinogenesis has not been addressed yet. The present study determined the clinicopathological significance of IL-35 immunoexpression and its correlation with overall survival (OS) in 72 malignant canine mammary tumor (CMT) patients.
Materials And Methods:
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded malignant CMT samples (n=72) were submitted to immunohistochemical staining to detect IL-35 expression. Survival curves were obtained by the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test was used for the survival estimates. Cox proportional hazard model for multivariate analysis was also performed.
Results:
IL-35 overexpression was associated with: skin ulceration, tumor necrosis, mitotic index, nuclear pleomorphism, tumor differentiation, histological grade of malignancy (HGM), neoplastic intravascular emboli and lymph node metastasis. Additionally, IL-35 was also correlated with a worse overall survival in multivariate analysis, arising as an independent predictor of poor prognosis.
Conclusion:
IL-35 is associated with carcinogenesis and worse prognosis of CMT.
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