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Related Concept Videos

Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

21.9K
Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
In combination with specialized DNA binding protein called Histones, the DNA double helix forms a compact DNA: protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin itself is further compacted into higher-order...
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Chromatin Packaging01:32

Chromatin Packaging

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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...
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Chromatin Packaging02:21

Chromatin Packaging

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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
9.4K
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
7.3K
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
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Automated, High-Throughput Detection of Bacterial Adherence to Host Cells
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Customizing Host Chromatin: a Bacterial Tale.

Michael Connor1, Laurence Arbibe2, Mélanie Hamon1

  • 1Institut Pasteur, G5 Chromatine et Infection, Paris, France.

Microbiology Spectrum
|April 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacteria and host cells communicate by altering gene expression through chromatin modifications. This article explores how bacteria target host chromatin to survive and cause disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Bacteria, including pathogens, have co-evolved with hosts, developing strategies to manipulate host processes for survival.
  • Bacterial success often depends on altering the host's gene expression patterns, a process controlled by chromatin.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms by which bacteria target host chromatin.
  • To highlight the role of chromatin modifications in bacterium-host interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on bacterial manipulation of host chromatin.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms involved in chromatin targeting.

Main Results:

  • Bacterial pathogens commonly target host chromatin structure and function.
  • Histone modifications and DNA alterations are key targets during host-pathogen interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Chromatin modification is a critical battleground in host-pathogen dynamics.
  • Understanding these bacterial strategies can inform therapeutic approaches.