Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

195.3K
Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
195.3K
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

11.2K
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
11.2K
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

16.3K
Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
16.3K
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

24.7K
Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
24.7K
Expressing Solution Concentration02:48

Expressing Solution Concentration

66.2K
A solute is a component of a solution that is typically present at a much lower concentration than the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
Concentrations may be quantitatively assessed using a wide variety of measurement units, each convenient for particular applications. Molarity (M) is a useful concentration unit for many applications in chemistry.
66.2K
Emotional Expression01:26

Emotional Expression

999
Emotional expression encompasses how individuals convey their emotions through verbal communication and non-verbal cues. These non-verbal actions include facial expressions, body language, and physical gestures, such as frowning or smiling. Among these, facial expressions play a crucial role in emotional expression and are understood universally, indicating a biological basis for how humans communicate emotions.
Universal Facial Expressions
Psychologist Paul Ekman identified seven basic...
999

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Addressing Biases in Analysis of Time of Infusion: NCI/SWOG Trial S1404 Among Participants With High-Risk Resectable Melanoma Who Received Adjuvant Anti-PD-1 Therapy.

JCO oncology practice·2026
Same author

Whole-protein screening and multi-modal profiling of antigen-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells at single-cell resolution.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

MONETTE: A Randomized Phase II Study of Ceralasertib plus Durvalumab or Ceralasertib Monotherapy in Patients with Advanced Melanoma Resistant to PD-(L)1 Inhibition.

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·2026
Same author

Cellular neighborhoods govern antitumor T-cell infiltration following anti-CTLA-4 in melanoma with primary resistance to anti-PD-1.

Cancer discovery·2026
Same author

Sequential transcriptional waves and NF-κB-driven chromatin remodeling direct drug-induced dedifferentiation in cancer.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

First-in-Human Phase I Study of KPT-9274, a First-in-Class Dual Inhibitor of PAK4 and NAMPT, in Patients with Advanced Solid Malignancies.

Targeted oncology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Melanoma Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes
10:03

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Melanoma Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes

Published on: November 11, 2016

10.2K

Interleukin 32 expression in human melanoma.

Helicia Paz1, Jennifer Tsoi2,3, Anusha Kalbasi1,4,5

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.

Journal of Translational Medicine
|April 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Interleukin 32 (IL32) expression in melanoma is induced by inflammatory cytokines and linked to a dedifferentiated, treatment-resistant state. Its regulation involves upstream gene sequences and T cell infiltration markers.

Keywords:
IL32 transcriptional regulationImmune infiltrationInterleukin 32 (IL32)Melanoma dedifferentiationMyeloid polarization

More Related Videos

A Robust Discovery Platform for the Identification of Novel Mediators of Melanoma Metastasis
07:41

A Robust Discovery Platform for the Identification of Novel Mediators of Melanoma Metastasis

Published on: March 8, 2022

2.8K
The Three-Dimensional Human Skin Reconstruct Model: a Tool to Study Normal Skin and Melanoma Progression
11:02

The Three-Dimensional Human Skin Reconstruct Model: a Tool to Study Normal Skin and Melanoma Progression

Published on: August 3, 2011

50.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Melanoma Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes
10:03

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Melanoma Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes

Published on: November 11, 2016

10.2K
A Robust Discovery Platform for the Identification of Novel Mediators of Melanoma Metastasis
07:41

A Robust Discovery Platform for the Identification of Novel Mediators of Melanoma Metastasis

Published on: March 8, 2022

2.8K
The Three-Dimensional Human Skin Reconstruct Model: a Tool to Study Normal Skin and Melanoma Progression
11:02

The Three-Dimensional Human Skin Reconstruct Model: a Tool to Study Normal Skin and Melanoma Progression

Published on: August 3, 2011

50.8K

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Proinflammatory cytokines are present in the melanoma tumor microenvironment.
  • Interleukin 32 (IL32) is produced by immune cells and a subset of melanoma cells.
  • Understanding IL32 biology in human melanoma is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biology of IL32 in human melanoma.
  • To analyze gene expression patterns associated with IL32.
  • To evaluate the impact of TNFα and IFNγ on IL32 expression and melanoma cell dedifferentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of RNA sequencing data from human melanoma cell lines and tumors (The Cancer Genome Atlas).
  • In vitro experiments assessing the effect of TNFα and IFNγ on IL32 expression and dedifferentiation.
  • Cloning of the IL32 gene's 5' upstream region to study transcriptional regulation using a luciferase reporter vector.

Main Results:

  • IL32 expression is prevalent in melanoma cell lines and correlates with a dedifferentiation signature (high AXL/low MITF).
  • TNFα and IFNγ induce IL32 expression (isoforms α, β, γ) in differentiated melanoma cells.
  • Cis-acting elements in the IL32 5' upstream region regulate gene expression.
  • Tumor microenvironment IL32 expression correlates with T cell infiltration and the dedifferentiated signature.

Conclusions:

  • IL32 expression in melanoma is inducible by TNFα/IFNγ and associated with a treatment-resistant, dedifferentiated phenotype.
  • Both constitutive and induced IL32 expression are partly regulated by cis-acting sequences in the 5' upstream region.