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Ecotoxicological Method with Marine Bacteria Vibrio anguillarum to Evaluate the Acute Toxicity of Environmental Contaminants
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Environmental contamination following the Grenfell Tower fire.

Anna A Stec1, Kathryn Dickens1, Jessica L J Barnes1

  • 1Centre for Fire and Hazards Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK.

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|April 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The Grenfell Tower fire released toxic pollutants, including high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzene, and dioxins, in nearby soil and debris. Further analysis is needed to assess potential health risks from this contamination.

Keywords:
DioxinsGrenfell Tower fireHydrogen cyanidePolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonsSoil contaminationSynthethic vitrous fibres

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Toxicology
  • Urban Pollution

Background:

  • The Grenfell Tower fire caused a significant release of toxic substances into the surrounding environment.
  • Understanding the extent and nature of this contamination is crucial for public health.
  • Previous studies have not fully characterized the long-term environmental impact of such urban fires.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the levels of specific toxic contaminants in soil, debris, and dust samples collected after the Grenfell Tower fire.
  • To identify the sources of these contaminants by analyzing fire debris and char.
  • To provide data for assessing potential health risks to residents in the vicinity.

Main Methods:

  • Collection of soil, fire debris, char, dust, and condensate samples at various distances and time points post-fire.
  • Analysis of samples for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, benzene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), isocyanates, phosphorus flame retardants, hydrogen cyanide, and synthetic vitreous fibres.
  • Comparison of contaminant levels with UK urban reference soil levels and pre-fire data from nearby areas.

Main Results:

  • Soil samples near the Tower (within 140m) showed significantly elevated concentrations of dioxins (60x UK urban levels), benzene (40x), and PAHs (160x).
  • PAH levels in soil were approximately 20 times higher than those reported in Hyde Park before the fire.
  • Contaminants identified in debris and char included benzene, PAHs, isocyanates, and phosphorus flame retardants, with hydrogen cyanide and synthetic vitreous fibres present in both soil and debris.

Conclusions:

  • Particulate and pyrogenic contamination in the immediate vicinity of Grenfell Tower is evident.
  • Leaching from fire debris, char, and dust likely contributed to soil contamination.
  • Further investigation of the affected area is necessary to fully understand and mitigate potential health risks.