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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

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Non-point source pollution risks in a drinking water protection zone based on remote sensing data embedded within a

Guoqiang Wang1, Jiawei Li2, Wenchao Sun1

  • 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street 19, Beijing, 100875, China.

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Summary

A new method assesses non-point source pollution risks to drinking water using nutrient budgets and remote sensing. This reliable approach identified potential phosphorus contamination in China's Chaihe Reservoir.

Keywords:
Drinking water sourceNon-point source pollution riskNutrient budgetRemote sensing

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Water Resource Management
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Non-point source pollution (NPSP) poses risks to drinking water safety, especially in data-scarce regions.
  • Evaluating NPSP requires reliable methods to assess nutrient loading from diffuse agricultural activities.
  • Drinking water source protection is critical for public health and ecosystem integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a simple, transparent, and reliable method for evaluating NPSP risks in drinking water source areas.
  • To assess the potential NPSP risks to the Chaihe Reservoir in northeastern China using the developed method.
  • To validate the reliability of the proposed nutrient budget approach with existing data.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing nutrient budget models for total nitrogen (N) and total phosphorus (P) to assess NPSP.
  • Employing remote sensing data (e.g., Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) to estimate fertilizer inputs and crop uptake.
  • Integrating field survey data with remote sensing for comprehensive nutrient balance calculations.

Main Results:

  • Nutrient budget analysis revealed soil surpluses for both N and P in the Chaihe Reservoir area.
  • Estimated nutrient imbalances per unit area aligned with statistical relationships across Chinese counties, confirming method reliability.
  • Surplus P levels exceeded the standard threshold for NPSP risks, indicating a potential contamination threat to the drinking water source.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed nutrient budget method, enhanced by remote sensing, offers a reliable approach for NPSP risk assessment in data-limited areas.
  • The study highlights a significant potential risk of phosphorus contamination to the Chaihe Reservoir drinking water source.
  • Effective NPSP management strategies are crucial to mitigate risks and ensure drinking water quality.