Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Providing Visual Biofeedback Using Brightness Mode Ultrasound During a Golf Swing
Published on: August 25, 2022
Hypothyroidism to hyperthyroidism: an immunological pendulum swing from two extreme poles - a case series
Antoni R Kafrouni Gerges1, Sara N Clark1, Hassan Shawa1
1Department of Endocrinology, Albany Medical Center Hospital, Albany, New York, USA.
Abstract:
We report two women who were diagnosed with hypothyroidism due to what was thought to be Hashimoto's thyroiditis 18 and 16 years ago, respectively. They had been euthyroid on stable doses of levothyroxine for many years, and they presented to our clinic with clinically and biochemically overt hyperthyroidism that persisted even after stopping levothyroxine. Immunological and imaging workups were consistent with Graves' disease. Both patients were treated medically and then received definitive treatment. To our knowledge, the intervals for these two conversions are among the longest conversion intervals reported in the medical literature.
Related Concept Videos
Physical Pendulum
When dealing with complicated systems, the mass moment of inertia is an important parameter, as it...
The Swing Equation
In a steady-state operation, the mechanical torque (Τm) supplied to the generator is balanced by the electrical torque (Τe)...
Simple Pendulum
The period of a simple pendulum depends on two factors: its length and the acceleration due to gravity. The period is completely independent of any other factors, such as mass or maximum displacement. For small displacements, a pendulum is...
Torsional Pendulum
As long as the rigid body's angular displacement is small, its oscillation can be modeled as a linear angular oscillation. The amplitude of the oscillation is an angle. The role of mass is played...
Pole and System Stability
Simple poles are unique roots of the denominator polynomial. Each simple pole corresponds to a distinct solution to the system's characteristic equation, typically resulting in exponential decay terms in the system's...
Immunological Memory
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...

