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Extracellular Vesicles: Intercellular Mediators in Alcohol-Induced Pathologies.
Mohammad A Rahman1, Benjamin J Patters1, Sunitha Kodidela1
1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Room 456, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
Alcohol consumption alters extracellular vesicles (EVs), like exosomes, impacting liver and other tissues. These alcohol-modified EVs contribute to inflammation and pathogenesis in alcohol-related diseases.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Toxicology
- Immunology
Background:
- Alcoholic liver injury is a major health concern, but alcohol's effects extend to extra-hepatic tissues.
- Mechanisms of alcohol-induced extra-hepatic tissue injury are not fully understood.
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are implicated in alcohol's systemic effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent findings on alcohol-modified EVs and their impact on extra-hepatic tissues.
- To discuss the role of EV/exosomal cargo in cell-to-cell communication in alcoholic liver disease.
- To explore how alcohol affects EV content in various tissues and its pathological consequences.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on alcohol, extracellular vesicles, and extra-hepatic effects.
- Analysis of research on EV cargo (miRNA, mRNA, proteins) in alcoholic liver disease.
- Examination of studies investigating alcohol's influence on EV composition and function.
Main Results:
- Alcohol alters the content of EVs (e.g., miRNAs, proteins, cytokines) in both hepatic and extra-hepatic cells.
- Alcohol-modified EVs mediate cross-talk between hepatocytes and immune cells.
- EVs transfer alcohol-altered cargo, influencing inflammatory pathways and pathogenesis.
Conclusions:
- Alcohol-modified EVs are key mediators of alcohol-induced extra-hepatic tissue injury.
- EVs play a significant role in the inflammatory processes underlying alcohol-related comorbidities.
- Targeting EV pathways may offer novel therapeutic strategies for alcohol-related diseases.
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