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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Facilitated Diffusion01:16

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The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
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Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion03:48

Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion

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Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...
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Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Colloids03:22

Colloids

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Spot Variation Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy for Analysis of Molecular Diffusion at the Plasma Membrane of Living Cells
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Diffusion Decoupling in Binary Colloidal Systems Observed with Contrast Variation Multispeckle Diffusing Wave

Ruben Higler1, Raoul A M Frijns1, Joris Sprakel1

  • 1Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter , Wageningen University , 6708 WE Wageningen , The Netherlands.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|April 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigated how particle size differences affect colloidal glass dynamics. We found that small particles either move independently or share the same glass transition as larger particles, challenging theories of a double-glass transition.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloidal science
  • Soft matter physics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Size polydispersity in colloidal systems is used to suppress crystallization.
  • The impact of particle size disparities on colloidal glass transitions remains unclear.
  • The existence of a decoupled glass transition between different particle populations is an open question.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the effect of size ratio on particle dynamics near the glass transition in a binary colloidal system.
  • To investigate the dynamics of small and large particles using contrast variation multispeckle diffusing wave spectroscopy.
  • To determine if a decoupled glass transition occurs between different particle populations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized contrast variation multispeckle diffusing wave spectroscopy.
  • Measured colloidal dynamics on very long timescales.
  • Disentangled the dynamics of small and large particle populations.

Main Results:

  • Small particles' dynamics either completely decoupled from large particles (size ratio a = 0.2) or were identical to large particles (a = 0.37 and 1.44).
  • A single-glass transition was observed for both particle populations when the size ratio was 0.37.
  • The study did not observe a double-glass transition, contrary to some theoretical predictions.

Conclusions:

  • The dynamics of small particles in binary colloidal systems are strongly dependent on the size ratio.
  • A decoupled glass transition between particle populations was not observed in this experimental system.
  • Findings challenge existing theories and simulations regarding double-glass transitions in polydisperse colloidal systems.