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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Membrane Proteins01:16

Introduction to Membrane Proteins

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The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, is an ever-changing landscape. It is described as a fluid mosaic where various macromolecules are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. Among the macromolecules are proteins. The protein content varies across cell types. For example, mitochondrial inner membranes contain ~76% protein content, while myelin contains ~18% protein content. Individual cells contain many types of membrane proteins—red blood cells contain over 50—and different cell...
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Mechanisms of Membrane-bending01:15

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The living membranes are flexible due to their fluid mosaic nature; however, their bending into different shapes is an active process regulated by specific lipids and proteins. The membrane bending can be transient as seen in vesicles or stable for a long time as in microvilli. Cells regulate the size, location, and duration of the membrane curvature.
Membrane bending can happen due to intrinsic changes in lipid composition or extrinsic association with different proteins. The proteins involved...
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Membrane Proteins01:30

Membrane Proteins

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Plasma membranes have integral transmembrane proteins involved in facilitated transport. These proteins are collectively referred to as transport proteins, and they function as either channels for the material or as carriers themselves. Channel proteins have hydrophilic domains exposed to the intracellular and extracellular fluids and a hydrophilic channel through their core that provides a hydrated opening for solutes to pass through the membrane layers. Passage through the channel allows...
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Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation00:59

Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation

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Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
Another mechanism for membrane domain formation involves membrane proteins interacting with...
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Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Detergent Purification of Membrane Proteins01:18

Detergent Purification of Membrane Proteins

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Detergents are used to purify the integral proteins of the membrane. The hydrophobic portion of the detergent can replace membrane phospholipids while solubilizing the membrane proteins. When detergent monomers reach a specific concentration in a solution called critical micelle concentration (CMC), they form micelles. Above CMC, the concentration of the detergent monomers remains in equilibrium with the micelle. The number of detergent monomers present in the CMC varies for each detergent, and...
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Green Fluorescent Protein-based Expression Screening of Membrane Proteins in Escherichia coli
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Whey protein membrane processing methods and membrane fouling mechanism analysis.

Wang Wen-Qiong1, Wa Yun-Chao2, Zhang Xiao-Feng1

  • 1College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.

Food Chemistry
|April 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Whey protein recovery utilizes advanced membrane technologies to concentrate and purify valuable proteins from dairy byproduct. This study reviews membrane materials and processing methods, addressing challenges like membrane fouling for efficient extraction.

Keywords:
Membrane fouling mechanismMembrane recovery materialMethodsWhey protein

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Area of Science:

  • Food Science and Technology
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Whey, a dairy byproduct, possesses high nutritional value but poses organic contamination challenges.
  • Efficient recovery of whey proteins is crucial for valorization and waste reduction in the dairy industry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of membrane materials and processing techniques for cheese whey protein recovery.
  • To discuss recent advancements in membrane technology for whey protein applications.
  • To analyze membrane fouling mechanisms in whey protein ultrafiltration.

Main Methods:

  • Review of polymer, ceramic, and modified membranes for whey protein separation.
  • Analysis of membrane processing methods including ultrafiltration, concentration, and fractionation.
  • Discussion of factors influencing membrane fouling, such as protein conformation and operational conditions.

Main Results:

  • Various membrane types enhance permeation flux, reduce fouling, and improve protein rejection.
  • New integrated membrane processes offer improved whey protein recovery efficiency.
  • Understanding fouling mechanisms is key to optimizing ultrafiltration performance.

Conclusions:

  • Membrane technology is essential for effective whey protein concentration, fractionation, and purification.
  • Addressing membrane fouling is critical for sustainable and efficient dairy byproduct processing.
  • Continued development in membrane materials and processes will enhance whey valorization.