Pearl millet based pasta: optimization of extrusion process through response surface methodology.
Kirti Jalgaonkar1, S K Jha2, Manoj Kumar Mahawar1
1Division of Horticultural Crop Processing, ICAR-CIPHET, Abohar, Punjab 152116 India.
Journal of Food Science and Technology
|April 9, 2019
Summary
Optimizing extrusion conditions like barrel temperature and moisture content improves pearl millet pasta quality. Key factors include feeder speed and screw speed ratio for ideal cooking time, loss, and texture.
Area of Science:
- Food Science and Technology
- Cereal Processing
- Extrusion Technology
Background:
- Pearl millet is an underutilized grain with potential for pasta production.
- Optimizing extrusion parameters is crucial for achieving desirable pasta quality attributes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of extrusion operating conditions on pearl millet pasta quality.
- To determine the optimal extrusion parameters for producing high-quality pearl millet pasta.
Main Methods:
- Response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was employed.
- Key extrusion variables studied: barrel temperature (BT), feed moisture content (FM), feeder speed (FS), and screw speed to feeder speed ratio (SS:FS).
- Pasta quality attributes evaluated: cooking time (CT), cooking loss (CL), hydration capacity (HC), swelling capacity (SC), hardness, springiness (SP), and chewiness (CH).
Main Results:
- Increased BT and FM reduced CT and CL, while enhancing HC, SC, hardness, SP, and CH.
- Higher FS and SS:FS ratios positively influenced HC, SC, hardness, SP, and CH, with a concurrent decrease in CT and CL.
- Optimal conditions identified: BT of 70°C, FM of 30% (w.b.), FS of 12 rpm, and SS:FS ratio of 10.
Conclusions:
- Extrusion operating conditions significantly affect pearl millet pasta quality.
- The identified optimal parameters yield pasta with desirable characteristics: low CT and CL, and high HC, SC, hardness, SP, and CH.
- This study provides valuable insights for the industrial production of pearl millet pasta.
Related Concept Videos
01:16Response Surface Methodology
639
Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is a collection of statistical and mathematical techniques used to develop, improve, and optimize processes. It is particularly valuable when many input variables or factors potentially influence a response variable.
The process of RSM involves several key steps:
The process of RSM involves several key steps:
639
00:48Optimal Foraging
13.8K
How animals obtain and eat their food is called foraging behavior. Foraging can include searching for plants and hunting for prey and depends on the species and environment.
13.8K
01:26Optimization Problems
60
Optimization problems often involve identifying maximum or minimum values under specific constraints. A well-known example is determining the longest horizontal pipe that can be moved around a right-angled corner, where a 3-meter-wide hallway meets a 2-meter-wide hallway. This scenario, common in architectural design and industrial transport, can be understood conceptually through geometric and trigonometric reasoning.To visualize the problem, consider the pipe as a straight line that touches...
60
01:16Surface Tension and Surface Energy
3.2K
When a paint brush is immersed in water, the bristles wave freely inside the water. When it is taken out, the bristles stick together. The reason behind this effect is surface tension.
Consider a beaker filled with liquid. The bulk molecules in the liquid experience equal attractive forces on all sides with the surrounding molecules. However, the surface molecules experience a net attractive force downward due to the bulk molecules. The surface of the liquid behaves like a stretched membrane,...
Consider a beaker filled with liquid. The bulk molecules in the liquid experience equal attractive forces on all sides with the surrounding molecules. However, the surface molecules experience a net attractive force downward due to the bulk molecules. The surface of the liquid behaves like a stretched membrane,...
3.2K
02:41Responses to Drought and Flooding
12.0K
Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to plants.
12.0K
01:21Cell-surface Signaling
54.0K
Hormones—or any molecule that binds to a receptor, known as a ligand—that are lipid-insoluble (water-soluble) are not able to diffuse across the cell membrane. In order to be able to affect a cell without entering it, these hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane. When a first messenger, a hormone, binds to a receptor, a signal cascade is set off, causing second messengers, proteins inside the cell, to become activated, resulting in downstream effects.
54.0K