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Related Concept Videos

Kinetic Friction01:26

Kinetic Friction

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Consider a truck trying to pull a stationary car. As the truck exerts a force on the car, static friction is created at the point of contact between the two surfaces. This frictional force resists the car's movement and keeps it at rest. However, when the applied force by the truck surpasses the limiting static frictional force, an interesting phenomenon occurs. The frictional force at the interface reduces to a lower value, known as the kinetic frictional force. At this point, the car...
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Types of Friction Problems01:27

Types of Friction Problems

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Friction is an essential concept in physics, engineering, and everyday life. It is the force that opposes the relative motion or tendency of such motion between two surfaces in contact. One of the most common types of friction encountered in various applications is dry friction. Dry friction problems can be broadly categorized into three types, each with unique characteristics and challenges.
The first type of dry friction problem involves situations where there is no apparent impending motion....
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Friction: Problem Solving01:21

Friction: Problem Solving

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Friction is an essential force that influences the motion of objects in daily life. Depending on the situation, it can be either beneficial or problematic. Consider a bus with a mass of three megagrams and its center of mass at a specific point, moving along a banked road at a constant speed. The coefficient of static friction between the tires and the road is 0.5. Find the maximum angle of the banked road at which the bus would not slip or tip.
Initially, a visual representation of the...
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Characteristics of Dry Friction01:21

Characteristics of Dry Friction

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Dry friction occurs when two solid surfaces slide against each other without any lubrication or fluid present. It causes resistance when pushing objects along a surface, like a gardener pushing a wheelbarrow. The force applied to move the cart causes dry friction between the wheel and the ground.
Before the wheelbarrow starts moving, the static frictional force acts tangentially to the contact surface, opposing the force that is about to induce the motion. This frictional force prevents the...
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Frictional Force01:07

Frictional Force

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When a body is in motion, it encounters resistance because the body interacts with its surroundings. This resistance is known as friction, a common yet complex force whose behavior is still not completely understood. Friction opposes relative motion between systems in contact, but also allows us to move. Friction arises in part due to the roughness of surfaces in contact. For one object to move along a surface, it must rise to where the peaks of the surface can skip along the bottom of the...
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Dry Friction01:30

Dry Friction

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Dry friction occurs between two solid surfaces in contact as they attempt to move relative to one another. In daily life, dry friction is encountered in various forms, such as when walking on the ground, sliding an object across a table, or rubbing hands together. Despite its ubiquity, the underlying mechanisms behind dry friction are not readily visible.
To illustrate this concept, imagine a wooden crate resting on a rough, non-uniform horizontal surface. When an external force is applied to...
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Multiscale Structures Aggregated by Imprinted Nanofibers for Functional Surfaces
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Multiscale Friction in Lubricant-Surface Systems for High-Performance Transmissions Under Mild Wear.

E Humphrey1, N Morris1, M Leighton1

  • 1Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.

Tribology Letters
|April 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals how lubricant-surface interactions, involving complex chemical and mechanical factors, impact transmission friction. Understanding tribo-film formation is key to improving lubricant performance and reducing wear.

Keywords:
AFMAdditiveAtomic force microscopyFilmFrictionGearTriboWearZDDP

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Area of Science:

  • Tribology and surface science
  • Mechanical engineering
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Lubricant-surface interactions are critical for high-performance transmission systems.
  • Complex coupled mechanical and chemical phenomena occur at interfacial tooth conjunctions.
  • Understanding these interactions is vital for optimizing friction and wear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a combined analytical and experimental approach to analyze lubricant-surface system parameters.
  • To describe tribo-film formation, wear, and friction characteristics.
  • To ascertain the contribution of tribo-film bonding to the coefficient of friction at different scales.

Main Methods:

  • Multiscale procedure including topographical measurement and pin-on-disc tribometry.
  • Atomic force microscopy (AFM) in lateral force mode and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
  • Continuum contact mechanics analysis under mixed non-Newtonian thermo-elastohydrodynamics.

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of tribo-film formation, wear, and friction characteristics.
  • Quantification of the contribution of chemisorbed and physisorbed tribo-film to boundary friction.
  • Identification of key parameters influencing lubricant-surface system performance.

Conclusions:

  • A novel multiscale analysis provides improved understanding of friction and wear mechanisms.
  • Surface chemistry and tribo-film properties significantly influence frictional performance.
  • The study offers insights for designing advanced lubricants and transmission systems.