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Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

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It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
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Classifying Matter by State02:49

Classifying Matter by State

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Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter is all around us; the air, water, soil, mountains, even our bodies are all examples of matter. Matter is divided into three states — solid, liquid, and gas — that are commonly found on earth. The fourth state of matter, plasma, occurs naturally in the interiors of stars. 
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Center of Gravity00:58

Center of Gravity

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The center of gravity (COG) of an object is the point where the object's total weight is considered to be concentrated. Knowing the location of the center of gravity is useful when predicting the behavior of a moving object or designing static structures. In a uniform gravitational field, the center of gravity is similar to the center of mass (COM); yet, these two points can be positioned differently. For example, the Moon's center of mass lies very close to its geometric center, but...
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Responses to Gravity and Touch02:26

Responses to Gravity and Touch

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Gravitropism: Plant Responses to Gravity
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The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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Classifying Matter by Composition03:35

Classifying Matter by Composition

90.0K
Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures. 
A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition throughout with uniform properties. For example, any sample of sucrose has the same composition and same physical properties, such as melting point, color, and sweetness, regardless of the source from which it is isolated. 
A mixture is composed of two or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Production and Targeting of Monovalent Quantum Dots
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Production and Targeting of Monovalent Quantum Dots

Published on: October 23, 2014

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Dark matter in quantum gravity.

Xavier Calmet1,2, Boris Latosh1,3

  • 11Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH UK.

The European Physical Journal. C, Particles and Fields
|April 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quantum gravity theories may explain dark matter. The theory predicts two massive fields that, if long-lived, could constitute this mysterious substance, interacting only via gravity.

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Area of Science:

  • Theoretical physics
  • Cosmology
  • Particle physics

Background:

  • The nature of dark matter remains one of the most significant unsolved problems in modern physics.
  • Current models suggest dark matter comprises approximately 85% of the universe's matter content.
  • Existing dark matter candidates have not been definitively detected, necessitating alternative explanations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of quantum gravity as a source for dark matter.
  • To explore the particle content of quantum gravity beyond the known massless gravitational field.
  • To determine if these predicted particles could fulfill the role of dark matter.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the theoretical spectrum of quantum gravity, considering its ultra-violet completion.
  • Identification of massive fields within the quantum gravity framework.
  • Assessment of the properties (mass, spin, lifetime, interactions) of these hypothetical fields.

Main Results:

  • Quantum gravity, irrespective of its specific ultra-violet completion, predicts the existence of two massive fields: one spin 2 and one spin 0.
  • These massive fields are naturally present in the spectrum of quantum gravity.
  • If these fields possess sufficiently long lifetimes, they are viable candidates for dark matter.

Conclusions:

  • Dark matter could be composed of massive, long-lived fields predicted by quantum gravity.
  • Such dark matter would be very light and interact with the Standard Model only through gravity.
  • This provides a novel theoretical framework for understanding dark matter's origin and properties.